云南省工业水污染点源空间分布特征研究

Study on spatial distribution characteristics of industrial water pollution point sources in Yunnan Province

基于第二次全国污染源普查数据,利用标准差椭圆分析和核密度分析等方法,从行业、水系、行政辖区等不同角度来探究云南省工业水污染点源空间分布特征。研究结果表明:(1)点源数量最多的行业主要是酒、饮料和精制茶制造业,农副食品加工业,食品制造业,水的生产和供应业等;化学需氧量排放前3的行业是农副食品加工业,食品制造业,酒、饮料和精制茶制造业;氨氮排放前3的行业是农副食品加工业,食品制造业,化学原料和化学制品制造业。(2)化学需氧量排放主要位于玉溪市、德宏州、丽江市、曲靖市,占云南省90.77%;氨氮排放集中于大理州、红河州、玉溪市、楚雄州,占81.93%。(3)点源排放的主要行业在空间分布上具有方向性并形成相对集中的趋势,聚集中心均位于滇中,污染浓度较高的聚集区县大部分位于州市政府所在地或其相邻地区。点源和水污染物浓度值在空间分布上总体保持一致,少数区域不同。研究成果可为云南省制定水污染治理对策提供理论依据。

Based on the data of the second national pollution source census in China,the spatial distribution characteristics of industrial water pollution point sources in Yunnan Province are explored from different angles such as industry,water system and administrative area by using the methods of standard deviation ellipse analysis and nuclear density analysis.The results show that:(1)the industries with the largest number of point sources are mainly wine,beverage and refined tea manufacturing(C-15),agricultural and sideline food processing(C-13),food manufacturing(C-14),water production and supply(D-46),etc.The top three emission industries of chemical oxygen demand(COD)are C-13,C-14 and C-15,and the top three emission industries of ammonia nitrogen are C-13,C-14 and C-26(chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing).(2)COD emissions are mainly located in Yuxi City,Dehong Prefecture,Lijiang City and Qujing City,accounting for 90.77%of the province;ammonia nitrogen emissions are concentrated in Dali Prefecture,Honghe Prefecture,Yuxi City and Chuxiong Prefecture,accounting for 81.93%.(3)The main industries of point source emissions have directionality in spatial distribution and form a relatively concentrated trend.The aggregation centers are located in Central Yunnan Province,and most of the aggregation districts and counties with high pollution concentration are located in or adjacent to the state and municipal government location.The point sources and concentration values of water pollutants are generally consistent in spatial distribution,but different in a few areas.The research results can provide theoretical basis for formulating water pollution control measures in Yunnan Province.