论张謇治“易”之法

On Zhang Jian’s Scholarly Research into Zhou Yi

张謇治“易”承袭“桐城文法”、推崇“乾嘉考据学”,这种治“易”方法对他为学、为文、为人、为事产生重要影响。对“桐城文法”的承袭和张謇与张裕钊相处请益二十载有关。张裕钊为学、为人继轨桐城派,在很大程度上影响张謇,使张謇摆脱单纯为科举作文的为文意识,转而追求文以载道,以文章为户枢,通达圣人之道。对“乾嘉考据学”的推崇源于张謇对清代考据学开山之人顾炎武的崇拜,张謇不仅采取“乾嘉考据学”的方法注疏《周易》,而且将考据学所体现出的实事求是的学风发扬至他涉足的各个领域,这种踏实严谨的学风成就了他事业的成功。

Tongcheng style of writing and evidential scholarship in Qianlong and Jiaqing dynasties are the two methods that Zhang Jian adopted for his scholarly research into Zhou Yi,laying a significant impact on his studies,writings,manners and ways of handling affairs. On the one hand,it was Zhang Jian’s 20-year close contact with his teacher Zhang Yuzhao who followed the Tongcheng school to learn and to behave that affected Zhang Jian to a large extent. It not only enabled Zhang Jian to pursue the idea that writings should convey moral ideals instead of messages for imperial examination only,but also helped him clearly understood the ancient wisdom through writings. On the other hand,his admiration for Gu Yanwu,the earliest founder of the evidential scholarship,resulted in his great esteem for the evidential scholarship in Qianlong and Jiaqing dynasties,by means of which he not only made commentary and subcommentary to Zhou Yi but also carried forward the style of study of seeking truth from facts into every field he set foot in. It was this rigorous and down-to-earth style that led to the great success in his career.