晚熟油桃新品种陇油金蜜的选育

A new late-ripening nectarine cultivar Longyoujinmi

陇油金蜜是以01-6-7-1(油187×瑞光3号)油桃为母本、瑞光28油桃为父本杂交培育的晚熟油桃新品种。果实圆形,果顶圆平,两半部对称,平均单果质量212.0 g,最大果质量242.0 g;果面全红,果皮底色浅黄;果肉黄色,近核处有红色素,硬溶质;风味浓甜,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)16.5%,可溶性糖含量12.9%,有机酸含量0.34%,维生素C含量50.2 mg·kg^(-1),果实硬度9.27 kg·cm^(-2),黏核。在甘肃省兰州市8月下旬成熟,果实生育期137 d。自花结实,丰产。适宜在甘肃省中部、东部及南部的桃产区推广种植。

Longyoujinmi is a late-ripening nectarine cultivar bred by artificial pollination. Its pedigree is 01-6-7-1 × Ruiguang 28, hybridized in 2008. 23 hybrid seedlings were obtained by embryo rescue.One individual 08-10-12 was chosen as the new strain for its good taste. After regional adaptability testing at five sites(including Gaolan, Anning, Qin’an, Jiayuguan and Huixian areas, which are all peach main producing areas in Gansu province) over three years from 2014 to 2017, and it was finally selected in 2018. The tree’s growth vigor is flourishing, and the tree canopy is half-open. Leaf shape is long elliptic lanceolate. Leaf is 16.53 cm in length and 4.85 cm in width, petiole is 1.06 cm in length, and leaf gland is crenature. The color of the leaf is green, with 2-4 kidney shaped leaf glands. The flowers were rose-shaped, with pollen, pistils and stamens being highly congruent. The fruit is round, the top of the fruit is flat, the two halves are symmetrical, the average single fruit quality is 212.0 g, and the fruit mass is 242.0 g. Fruit background color is light yellow with red pigment. The fruit flesh is yellow and hard-melting with less fiber and strong sweet flavor. The contents of fruit soluble solids, soluble sugar,organic acid and Vitamin C are 16.5%, 12.9%, 0.34% and 50.2 mg·kg^(-1)fresh, respectively. Flesh firmness is 9.27 kg·cm^(-2). The stone is oval shape, brown and clingstone. In Anning area of Lanzhou, the flower buds of Longyoujinmi begin to sprout by the end of March to early April, flowering starts in midApril, the fruit ripens in late August, the fruit growth period is about 137 d, and the annual growth period is about 233 d. Longyoujinmi has a strong adaptability to cultivation environment and good resistance. It can be grown in the central and eastern regions of Lanzhou, Tianshui, Longnan and other places with similar ecological conditions of cultivation. Longyoujinmi is more suitable for growing with sufficient sunlight and on deep sandy loam soil. In a production, three-scaffold-limb open center system should be adopted, and planting density should be 3 m ×(4-5) m;if Y system is adopted, planting density should be 2 m ×(4-5) m. Long-shoot pruning should be applied as the main way of pruning, paying an attention to renewing the fruit branches. Longyoujinmi is a very fruitful cultivar, and the fertilizer and water demand is higher, which should accord to soil moisture conditions. Under natural conditions,Longyoujinmi has higher natural fruit setting rate, so strict fruit thinning must be made for reasonable load. During the full bearing period, 2300 kg per 666.7 m2production should be controlled. In spring,spray with 3-5 Baume degree lime sulphur on the whole orchard should be done to reduce the number of overwintering diseases and insect pests, and strengthen the prevention and control of aphid, oriental fruit moth and adoxophyes orana, etc. The efficient and low residue chemicals should be chosen to effectively prevent and control pests and diseases, so as to improve fruit quality and guarantee food safety.