正确认识和把握资本的特性和行为规律

Correctly Understand and Grasp the Characteristics and Behavioral Laws of Capital

社会主义市场经济中资本存在的客观必然性在于,社会主义初级阶段存在市场经济和货币转化为资本的条件。社会主义市场经济中不同所有制的资本既具有相同的基本特征,即共性,又存在不同的性质和特征,即个性。资本特性、市场经济生产经营背景和社会形态决定资本行为存在普遍规律和特殊规律,社会主义市场经济中资本既存在普遍的行为规律,又存在特殊的行为规律,而且不同所有制的资本行为规律也不完全相同。不同社会不同阶级会对资本的作用作出不同的评价,社会主义市场经济中不同所有制的资本作用存在异同,资本普遍存在的积极作用主要有,是不可缺少的重要生产要素、能够较好地适应市场经济的要求、推动创新和技术进步、生产经营规模扩大和经济效益的提高;私有制资本的消极作用主要是,可能对经济社会的协调稳定和可持续发展产生不利影响、扩大贫富差距;公有制资本也可能出现消极作用。新发展阶段发挥资本积极作用和有效控制其消极作用,既要保护支持鼓励资本,又要监督节制引导资本,主要应该建立健全完善相关法律规章,规范和引导资本行为;建立健全完善的市场体系,营造良好的营商环境和公平竞争秩序,合理地为资本的生产经营活动提供更为有利的条件,支持和保护资本合法有利的生产经营活动;建立健全完善对资本的监管体系、切实实行对资本行为的合理有效监管。社会主义资本理论没有违背、否定马克思的经典资本理论,也不是向西方经济学的“资本实物论”的倒退,而是继承和发展了马克思的经典资本理论。

The objective inevitability of the existence of capital in the socialist market economy lies in the existence of a market economy and the conditions for the conversion of currency into capital at the primary stage of socialism.In the socialist market economy,capitals with different ownership systems have the same basic characteristics,that is,commonality,but also have different nature and characteristics,that is,individuality.The characteristics of capital,the production and operation background of the market economy,and the social form determine the existence of universal and special laws of capital behavior.There are both universal and special laws of capital behavior in the socialist market economy,and the laws of capital with different ownership are not exactly the same.Different classes in different societies evaluate the role of capital differently,and there are differences and similarities in the role of capital with different ownership systems in the socialist market economy.The main positive effects of capital are that it is an indispensable and important factor of production,and it better adapts to the requirements of the market economy,promotes innovation and technological progress,expands the scale of production and operation,and improves economic efficiency.The negative effects of private capital are mainly that it may adversely affect the coordination and stability of the economic society and sustainable development,widen the gap between the rich and the poor,and public capital may also have negative effects.To play the positive role of capital and effectively control its negative role in the new development stage,it is necessary to protect,support and encourage capital as well as supervise and guide capital.It is mainly necessary to establish and improve relevant laws and regulations to regulate and guide capital behavior,establish a sound and complete market system,create a good business environment and fair competition order,reasonably provide more favorable conditions for capital production and operation activities,support and protect capital’s legal and favorable production and operation activities,establish a sound and perfect capital supervision system,and practically implement reasonable and effective supervision of capital behavior.The socialist capital theory does not violate or deny Marx’s classic capital theory,nor is it a step backward to the physical theory of capital of Western economics,but inherits and develops Marx’s classic capital theory.