“欧盟半导体危机”的成因、对策与启示——围绕《欧洲芯片法案》的解读

Causes,Countermeasures and Enlightenment of“EU Semiconductor Crisis”:Interpretation Around the European Chips Act

欧盟是全球半导体行业的策源地之一,但因其半导体价值链存在结构性缺陷,自2021年以来遭遇芯片短缺和“断供”危机。欧盟拟定的《欧洲芯片法案》,提出了半导体生态建设路径、危机干预规制措施,勾勒了“有欧盟特色的芯片事业举国体制”蓝图,对我国在半导体芯片领域高强度投资和供应链建设过程中,如何把握政府与市场、补贴与竞争、重点打造与普惠支持之间的关系,具有思辨意义和参考价值。

The European Union(EU)is one of the origins of the global semiconductor industry,but due to its structural defects in the semiconductor value chain,it has encountered a crisis of chip shortages and supply cuts since 2021.The European Chips Act drafted by EU proposes a path for semiconductor ecological construction,crisis intervention regulatory measures,and outlines a blueprint for a“national system for the chip industry with EU characteristics”.These factors are of speculative significance and reference value for China to balance the relationship between the government and the market,subsidies and competition,key construction and inclusive support in the process of highintensity investment and supply chain construction in the field of semiconductor chips.