基于色散特性确定三棱镜材料的方法研究

Study on the Method of Determining Prism Material Based on Dispersion Characteristics

提出了一种使用简单光学实验仪器,就可确定三棱镜材料的方法。以钠灯为光源,利用分光计测量最小偏向角,可区分三棱镜的种类,但却无法确定三棱镜的材料。以汞灯为光源,由于复色光经三棱镜折射后会产生色散现象,可利用分光计通过测量最小偏向角的方法计算出折射率,得到色散曲线。将色散曲线用不同色散公式拟合后与同波段常用材料的标准色散曲线比较,可确定三棱镜的玻璃成分。这种方法经济、简单,准确度高,具有实际应用意义。

A method of determining the material of prism by using simple optical experimental instrument is proposed.Taking sodium lamp as light source and using spectrometer to measure the minimum deflection angle,the types of prisms can be distinguished,however the material of prism cannot be determined.Taking mercury lamp as the light source,because the chromatic light will produce dispersion phenomenon after being refracted by the prism,the refractive index can be calculated by using the spectrometer to measure the minimum deflection angle,and the dispersion curve can be obtained.After fitting the dispersion curve with different dispersion formulas and comparing it with the standard dispersion curve of common materials in the same band,the glass composition of the prism can be determined.This method of practical significance is economical,simple,and accurate.