低碳城市试点政策的公平性碳减排效果评估——基于工业碳排放视角

Evaluating the Equitable Carbon Reduction Effect of Pilot Low-Carbon City Policy——Based on the Perspective of Industrial Carbon Emissions

低碳城市试点政策是中国政府应对全球气候变化的挑战、实现“双碳”目标的重要措施。实现碳减排不仅应当注重对总量的控制,还应注重区域之间的公平性。本文明确了对中国低碳城市试点政策进行公平性碳减排效果评估的意义,聚焦工业这一碳排放的主要源头,阐明了中国低碳城市试点政策实现公平性碳减排的理论机制,利用城市层面的广义Bonferroni曲线测度了中国城市的工业碳排放和经济发展的公平性水平,并进一步利用双重差分(DID)的方法实证评估了低碳城市试点政策实现中国公平性碳减排的效果及相关作用机制。研究表明:第一,中国低碳城市试点政策有效实现了公平性碳减排;第二,低碳城市试点政策主要通过提高工业用能效率和绿色技术创新水平的途径实现公平性碳减排;第三,东中部城市比西部城市的公平性碳减排效果更优,并且减污环境规制在东部地区会产生积极的线性调节效应,在中部地区会产生正“U”型调节效应。最后,本文提出了维持央地政府间弱激励与弱约束关系、发挥市场的要素配置力量、注重碳减排政策的公平性、强化碳污协同治理等政策建议。

The pilot low-carbon city policy is an important measure for the Chinese government to meet the challenges of global climate change and achieve the goal of"double carbon".For reducing carbon emissions,it is necessary to focus not only on controlling the total amount,but also on the equity between regions.This paper clarifies the significance of evaluating the equitable carbon reduction effect of China’s pilot low-carbon city policy,focuses on industry,the main source of carbon emissions,and clarifies the theoretical mechanism for China’s pilot low-carbon city policy to achieve equitable carbon reduction.Using the city-level generalized Bonferroni curve,this paper measures the equitable level of industrial carbon emissions and economic development in Chinese cities.Further,using difference-in-differences(DID)method,empirically evaluates the effect of the pilot low-carbon city policy to achieve equitable carbon reduction in China and the relevant mechanism.The results show that:First,China’s pilot low-carbon city policy has effectively achieved equitable carbon reduction;Second,the pilot low-carbon city policy has achieved equitable carbon reduction mainly by improving industrial energy efficiency and green technology innovation;Third,eastern and central cities have better equitable carbon reduction effect than western cities,and pollution reduction environmental regulation will have a positive linear adjustment effect in the eastern region and a positive"U"-shaped adjustment effect in the central region.Finally,this paper puts forward policy recommendations such as maintaining weak incentives and weak constraints between the central and local governments,giving full play to the power of the market in factor allocation,focusing on the equity of carbon emission reduction policies,and strengthen the coordinated treatment of carbon emissions and air pollution.