生物炭对畜禽粪便好氧堆肥的影响研究进展

Research Progress on the Effect of Stalk Biochar on Livestock Manure Aerobic Composting

随着畜禽养殖业规模的快速稳定发展,集约化、规模化畜禽养殖模式逐渐扩大,养殖过程中产生的畜禽粪便也随之增加,对环境造成的污染越来越严重。畜禽粪便直接还田会对农田土壤理化性质产生不良影响,堆肥可以使畜禽粪便中的污染物含量减低。传统的堆肥方法容易造成粪便营养成分的流失,在堆肥过程中添加生物炭可以调节并控制堆肥过程中重金属、温室气体等的排放,不仅可以减少对环境的污染,在堆肥施用后也可以有效活化土壤养分,改善土壤的理化性质。本文综述秸秆生物炭对畜禽粪便堆肥过程中堆体理化性质、气体排放、重金属钝化以及堆肥施用后对土壤性状的影响研究进展,对未来生物炭在畜禽粪便堆肥领域的发展趋势进行展望。

With the rapid and stable development of the scale of livestock and poultry breeding,the intensive and large-scale livestock and poultry breeding mode has gradually expanded,the livestock and poultry feces pro⁃duced in the breeding process have also increased,causing more and more serious pollution to the environment.The traditional composting method is easy to cause the loss of fecal nutrients.Adding biochar in the composting process can regulate and control the emissions of heavy metals and greenhouse gases in the composting process,which can not only reduce environmental pollution,but also effectively activate soil nutrients and improve soil physical and chemical properties after composting.In this paper,the effects of stalk biochar addition on the physical and chemi⁃cal properties,gas emission,heavy metal passivation and soil properties of livestock manure composting were re⁃viewed.The development trend of biochar application in the field of livestock manure composting was prospected.