植物残体与土壤动物的互馈效应及其对玉米秸秆培肥研究的启示

Interaction between Soil Fauna and Crop Residues and Its Implications for the Studies on Maize Straw Fertilization

土壤动物在农田生态系统中扮演着重要的角色,对玉米秸秆田间原位腐解起非常重要的作用。因此对土壤动物与植物残体互馈及调控研究的进展进行综述,并对玉米秸秆还田培肥机理研究现状及有待开展的领域作以评述,旨在为完善玉米秸秆培肥机理研究及玉米秸秆田间快速腐殖化和无障碍还田技术的构建提供理论依据。就农田土壤动物与还田玉米秸秆互馈及调控的研究而言,未来有待在如下几个方面进行系统和深入地研究:不同玉米秸秆还田方式及田间腐解过程对土壤动物群落组成及特征研究;土壤动物优势群落对玉米秸秆腐解作用的环境影响因素研究;影响土壤动物取食玉米秸秆的秸秆本身特征及优化途径研究;不同类型土壤动物对玉米秸秆腐解过程的影响;土壤动物与玉米秸秆腐解的互馈对秸秆携带病虫害的作用。这将明确玉米秸秆还田后土壤动物群落的变化和玉米秸秆本身对不同土壤动物群落繁育的影响,确定玉米秸秆腐解过程中影响土壤动物与玉米秸秆互馈的因素,及不同土壤动物参与下玉米秸秆腐解过程中碳氮的转化规律及土壤微生物群落多样性变化,研究土壤动物与还田玉米秸秆腐解互馈对秸秆携带病虫害的作用,揭示土壤动物在玉米秸秆还田下对植物源有机碳碳素矿化与固持的激发效应影响及机制。

Soil fauna plays an important role in farmland ecosystem,which has important implications for in-situ decomposition of maize straw in the field.In this paper,we reviewed the research progress of the interaction and regulation between soil fauna and plant residues,and also summarized the current status and future fields of the research on improving soil fertility with maize straw.The aim of this study was to further provide a theoretical basis for improving soil fertility with maize straw and establishing rapid humification and barrier-free technology of returning maize straw to the field.In terms of the interaction and regulation between soil fauna and returned maize straw,more systematic and in-depth studies should be conducted in the following aspects in the future:what are the composition and characteristics of soil fauna community under different returning methods of maize straw and various decomposition processes;how the environmental factors influence the dominant community of soil fauna during decomposition of maize straw;what characteristics of maize straw affect feeding of soil fauna on straw and its optimization approach;what are the effects of different types of soil fauna on decomposition process of maize straw;how interaction between soil fauna and maize straw affects diseases and insect pests parasitic on straw.These studies will clarify changing characteristics in soil fauna community after returning maize straw,reveal the role of straw-own characteristics in breeding different soil fauna community,uncover the factors determining the interaction between soil fauna and maize straw during decomposition,explore transformation of carbon and nitrogen and change in soil microbial community during straw decomposition in different soil fauna communities,illustrate the role of interaction between soil fauna and maize straw in regulating pests and diseases parasitic on straw,and elucidate the effects of soil fauna on mineralization and fixation of plant-derived organic carbon under returning maize straw and its mechanism.