吉林玉米带黑土酸化与有机质稳定性关系

Relationship between Black Soil Acidification and Organic Matter Stability in Jilin Corn Belt

吉林玉米带黑土是宝贵的资源,吉林玉米带是我国重要的商品粮基地。近年来,农田土壤的酸化伴随着有机质数量减少、稳定性下降、土壤肥力的退化和有毒金属的活化,对黑土区粮食生产和农田生态系统的稳定性已造成严重威胁,土壤酸度变化与土壤有机质稳定性间存在相关关系,需要协同调控。截至目前,有关黑土酸化与有机质稳定性的关系尚不清楚,土壤酸化和有机质稳定性协同调控的主控因素还有待进一步研究。文章论述了酸化对有机质物理化学保护和矿化淋溶作用、用不同稳定性有机质对土壤酸化的缓冲机制研究玉米带黑土酸化与有机质稳定性的关系、解析钙铝在土壤酸化和有机质稳定性中的作用,并列举了黑土酸化现状及土壤有机质数量及有机质稳定性下降的现状和秸秆还田等农业措施对土壤酸化和有机质稳定性的影响,为防止玉米带黑土酸化和退化、玉米带黑土的生态安全和国家粮食安全提供理论依据。

The black soil of Jilin Corn Belt is a valuable resource and the Jilin Corn Belt is an important commercial grain base in China.In recent years,the acidification of agricultural soils has been accompanied by a decrease in the amount of organic matter stability,degradation of soil fertility and activation of toxic metals,which has posed a serious threat to grain production and the stability of agricultural ecosystems in the black soil.There is a correlation between soil acidity changes and soil organic matter stability,which needs to be regulated synergistically.The relationship between black soil acidification and organic matter stability is still unclear,and the main controlling factors for the synergistic regulation of soil acidification and organic matter stability need further research.The paper discusses the effects of acidification on the physicochemical protection and mineralization leaching of organic matter,studies the relationship between acidification of corn belt black soil and the stability of organic matter by using the buffering mechanism of different stable organic matter to soil acidification,analyzes the role of calcium and aluminum in soil acidification and organic matter stability,and also cites the current situation of black soil acidification and the decline of soil organic matter quantity and organic matter stability,and the impact of agricultural measures such as straw returning to the fields on soil acidification and organic matter stability.The study will provide a theoretical basis for preventing the acidification and degradation of black soils of the corn belt,the ecological security of black soils of the corn belt and national food security.