矿井动目标精确定位技术及优化方法研究

Research on precise positioning technology and optimization method of mine moving targets

现有矿井动目标定位系统存在井下无线信号传输衰减严重、非视距误差较大、井下电磁环境复杂、动静目标感知范围广、多系统信息融合联动性强等问题,目前针对矿井动目标精确定位技术及优化方法的研究未全面分析动目标精确定位服务的特点和技术要求,且缺少主流与新兴定位技术的全面对比。针对上述问题,分析了常用信号传输技术和定位测距方法在矿井动目标精确定位系统中应用的优缺点,指出无线电定位技术是较为适合、可行的矿井动目标精确定位技术。从信号防碰撞技术、误差消除方法、定位结果优化方法和融合定位技术4个方面分析了我国矿井动目标精确定位优化方法的研究现状,总结了存在的问题:①信号防碰撞算法的综合性仍需改进。②测距误差控制手段的高效性有待提升。③融合定位方法在生产现场中应用尚不成熟。④系统的应急救援辅助作用未充分发挥。针对现有技术的不足,展望了矿井动目标精确定位技术的发展趋势:①研究动态环境下信号冲突机制和冲突后恢复机制,设计综合信号防碰撞方案。②研究精确、高效、经济的测距误差控制方案,节约通信成本。③设计多种定位方法深度融合的动态定位方案,提升系统的可靠性、灵活性和应用性。④研究多系统联动方案及极端情况下应急通信与定位恢复机制,充分发挥系统在应急救援中的作用。

The existing mine moving target positioning system has the problems of serious attenuation of underground wireless signal transmission,large non-line-of-sight error,complex underground electromagnetic environment,wide sensing range of dynamic and static targets,strong linkage of multi-system information fusion,etc.At present,the research on mine moving target precise positioning technology and optimization method does not comprehensively analyze the characteristics and technical requirements of the moving target accurate positioning service.It lacks a comprehensive comparison between the mainstream and emerging positioning technologies.In order to solve the above problems,the advantages and disadvantages of the common signal transmission technology and the positioning and ranging method applied in the mine moving target precise positioning system are analyzed.The radio positioning technology is pointed out to be a more suitable and feasible mine moving target precise positioning technology.This paper analyzes the research status and existing problems of the optimization method of the mine moving target precise positioning in China from four aspects:signal anticollision technology,error elimination method,positioning result optimization method and fusion positioning technology.①The comprehensiveness of the signal anti-collision algorithm still needs to be improved.②The efficiency of ranging error control means needs to be improved.③The application of the fusion positioning method in the production site is not yet mature.④The auxiliary role of the system in emergency rescue is not fully played.In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology,the development trend of the mine moving target precise positioning technology is proposed:①It is suggested to study the signal collision mechanism and post-conflict recovery mechanism in dynamic environment,and design a comprehensive signal anti-collision scheme.②It is suggested to research precise,efficient and economical ranging error control scheme to save communication costs.③It is suggested to study dynamic positioning scheme design with deep integration of multiple positioning methods to improve the reliability,flexibility and applicability of the system.④It is suggested to study the multi-system linkage scheme and the emergency communication and positioning recovery mechanism in extreme cases,and give full play to the role of the system in emergency rescue.