不同加工方式对秀珍菇营养成分和抗氧化性的影响

Effects of Different Processing Methods on Nutritional Components and Antioxidant Activity of Pleurotus Geesteranus

文章研究了6种不同加工方式(水煮、微波、真空蒸煮、空气炸锅无油、空气炸锅含油、油炸)处理对秀珍菇营养品质和抗氧化性能的影响。分析了6种加工方式下秀珍菇主要营养成分(水分、可溶性蛋白、多糖和多酚)含量的变化,并采用水提和醇提方法对其DPPH自由基清除能力、ABTS自由基清除能力和还原能力3种抗氧化能力进行了比较分析。结果以干重计,6种加工方式处理的秀珍菇水分含量为26.30%~90.44%,多糖含量为4.15~16.30 g/100 g,醇溶性蛋白为4.84~9.76 mg/g,水溶性蛋白为1.97~12.34 mg/g,醇溶性多酚为1.89~4.01 mg/g,水溶性多酚为1.35~3.55 mg/g。空气炸锅无油加工后的秀珍菇水分含量较低,多糖、多酚和醇溶性蛋白含量显著高于其他加工方式,微波水溶性蛋白含量最高。因此对不同的加工方式处理的秀珍菇应选用适宜的溶剂提取方法。抗氧化性结果表明空气炸锅无油样品的抗氧化性能最优,醇提物的效果优于水提物。综上所述,空气炸锅无油处理的秀珍菇营养成分和抗氧化性能最优,有巨大的研究价值。上述研究结果为不同加工处理的秀珍菇样品的溶剂提取方法选择、秀珍菇资源的有效利用、消费者选择科学合理的加工方式提供参考。

The effects of six different processing methods(boiling,microwave,vacuum cooking,hot air frying without oil,hot air frying with oil,deep frying)on the nutritional quality and antioxidant properties of Pleurotus geesteranus were studied.The changes of the main nutritional components(water,soluble protein,polysaccharide and polyphenol)of Pleurotus geesteranus in the six processing methods were analyzed,and the antioxidant capacities including DPPH radical scavenging capacity,ABTS radical scavenging capacity and reduction capacity were compared by the extraction methods with water or alcohol as solvent.Results in terms of dry weight were shown as follows:the water content of Pleurotus geesteranus in six processing methods was 26.30%~90.44%,the polysaccharide content was 4.15~16.30 g/100 g,the alcohol soluble protein was 4.84~9.76 mg/g,the water-soluble protein was 1.97~12.34 mg/g,the alcohol soluble polyphenol was 1.89~4.01 mg/g,and the water-soluble polyphenol was 1.35~3.55 mg/g.The samples in hot air frying without oil treatment had lower values of water content,the relatively higher content of polysaccharide,polyphenol and alcohol soluble protein than those in other processing methods.The samples in microwave treatment had the highest content of water-soluble protein.Therefore,it was necessary to choose the appropriate extraction methods for Pleurotus geesteranus under different processing methods.Results showed that samples in hot air frying without oil treatment had the highest values of antioxidant activity,and the effect of alcohol extract was better than that of water extract.In conclusion,samples in hot air frying without oil treatment had the best nutritional composition and antioxidant capacities,which had great research value.The above results provided references for the selection of solvent extraction methods of Pleurotus geesteranus in different processing methods,the effective utilization of Pleurotus geesteranus resource,and the choice of scientific and reasonable processing methods of Pleurotus geesteranus for consumers.