论警察防卫行为的刑法定性

ON THE NATURE OF POLICE DEFENSE BEHAVIOR IN CRIMINAL LAW

为进一步保障警察履职过程中的人身安全,《刑法修正案(十一)》新增设了袭警罪。与此同时,理论界与实务界就警察防卫行为是否适用刑法中的正当防卫制度进行了讨论,形成了“正当防卫说”、“职务行为说”两种存在争议的观点。职务行为说原则上排除警察防卫适用正当防卫制度的可能性,而正当防卫说则认为正当防卫制度当然可以成为警察防卫行为的合法性依据。根据现行相关法律法规的制度设计,深入思考警察防卫现状,同时考虑比例原则、明确性原则、最小限度原则、权利与义务等方面问题,“正当防卫说”更为合理,警察防卫行为的性质应当被界定为违法阻却事由中的正当防卫。

In order to further ensure the personal safety of the police in the process of performing their duties,the Eleventh Amendment to the Criminal Law added the crime of assaulting the police.At the same time,theorists and practitioners have discussed whether the justifiable defense system in criminal law is applicable to the police defense behavior,and formed two controversial theories,“justifiable defense theory”and“duty behavior theory”.In principle,the duty behavior theory excludes the possibility of applying the justifiable defense system to the police defense,while the justifiable defense theory believes that the justifiable defense system can certainly become the legitimacy basis of the police defense behavior.According to the system design of current relevant laws and regulations,we should think deeply about the current situation of police defense,and consider the proportional principle,the principle of definiteness,the principle of minimum limit,rights and obligations and other issues.It should be considered the“justifiable defense theory”is more reasonable,and the nature of police defense behavior should be defined as justifiable defense in the cause of illegal obstruction.