近出金文与西周鄂侯历史探研

RECENT BRONZE INSCRIPTIONS AND THE HISTORY OF THE MARQUISOF E IN THE WESTERN ZHOU DYNASTY

鄂国是商王朝的诸侯国,商亡后成为西周在南土分封的重要诸侯国。西周早期,鄂侯被临时安置到了盩城。西周晚期,王室实力衰弱,鄂侯率领东夷、南夷发动大规模叛乱。禹鼎中记载周厉王为了平叛,下达“勿遗寿幼”的命令,但从南阳夏饷铺考古发现的两周之际的鄂国墓地来看,鄂国没有真正灭亡。根据鄂侯簋可知鄂国为姞姓且与王室有婚姻关系,在南阳夏饷铺的鄂国应该依旧是姞姓鄂国。在南阳夏饷铺鄂国墓地M19和M16中的两对孟姬壶都不属于墓主,它们可能是赗赙之物,孟姬和墓主有姐妹或者姑侄关系。

The state of E was a vassal state of the Shang Dynasty.After the fall of Shang became an important vassal state of the Western Zhou Dynasty in the southern part of the land.In the early period of the Western Zhou,the Marquis of E was temporarily settled in Zhoucheng.In the late Western Zhou Dynasty,the royal power weakened and the Marquis of E led the Eastern and Southern barbarians to launch a large-scale rebellion.It is recorded in the Tripod of Yu that King Li of Zhou gave the order of“Do not leave behind the young”to put down the rebellion,but from the archaeological discovery of the cemetery of the E state in Nanyang Xia’xiangpu in the period of two Zhous,it is clear that the E state was not really destroyed.According to the Ehou Gui,it is known that the state of E was surnamed Ji and had a marriage relationship with the royal family,so the state of E in Nanyang Xia’xiangpu should still be surnamed Ji.According to M19 and M16,the two pairs of Meng Ji pots do not belong to the owner of the tomb,but may be the object of the tomb.Meng Ji has a sister or nephew relationship with the owner of the tomb.