高考英语阅读试题中的语篇分析——以2020-2022年高考英语全国卷(新高考Ⅰ卷)为例

The Discourse Analysis of English Reading Tests in National College Entrance Examination--Taking Paper Ⅰ of the New National College Entrance Examination in 2020-2022 for Example

本文以语篇分析为理论框架,从宏观和微观两个维度分析2020-2022年高考英语全国卷(新高考Ⅰ卷)阅读试题部分在语篇体裁、语篇模式、词汇衔接、语法衔接层面的特征。结果显示:语篇体裁以说明文为主,记叙文为辅;说明文以解释为目的,多采用一般——具体、问题——解决等语篇模式,记叙文以讲述事件为主线,多采用叙事模式;说明文的词汇复杂度明显高于记叙文和应用文;阅读试题中考查语篇模式、词汇衔接等语篇知识较多。基于研究发现,命题人员有必要进一步优化试卷结构,使得体裁和题材更全面,阅读文本的布局更加合理,试题类型更多元化;高中英语教师应教授学生语篇知识、改变阅读教学方式,从而提高阅读教学的有效性。

Taking discourse analysis as a theoretical framework,this paper analyzed genre,discourse pattern and lexical features in paper Ⅰ of the new national college entrance examination during 2020 to 2022 from both macro and micro perspectives.The results are as follows:the genres mainly center on exposition.Expository text,with the aim of explanation mainly adopts general-specific pattern as well as problem-solution pattern;narrative text,aimed at telling events mainly adopts the Labor narration-analysis pattern.The lexical complexity of expository text is higher than that of practical and narrative text.Discourse pattern and lexical cohesion are reflected in the reading tests.Some implications can be drawn on the basis of this study:for one thing,the design of the reading tests needs to be improved to make the genres and themes more balanced and set multiple types of questions;for another,English teachers need to improve the efficiency of teaching reading by attaching importance to genres,discourse analysis.