突发公共卫生事件情境下的公众信息需求――面向政府信息公开的研究

Public Information Needs During Public Health Emergencies from Government Information Disclosure

[目的/意义]以新冠肺炎疫情为例,探讨突发公共卫生事件情境下以政府信息公开为信息源的公众信息需求,并梳理不同需求间的关系和需求产生的影响因素,以助力提升政府信息公开质量。[研究设计/方法]采用半结构化深度访谈收集数据,利用NVivo11软件,通过开放编码分析了96份有效访谈记录。[结论/发现]公众期望从政府信息公开途径获取的信息包括安全保障性信息、社会相关动态信息、事件相关知识、正面引导性信息等;不同信息需求之间存在明显的需求程度差异及触发关系;而事件特点、个体特征以及已公开的信息均会影响公众信息需求的产生。[创新/价值]研究为政府明确信息公开工作重点提供了理论和实证依据,为有的放矢地提升信息公开质量提供了方向。

[Purpose/Significance]To help improve the quality of government information disclosure,this study takes the COVID-19 epidemic as a typical case to explore the public information needs from government information disclosure(GID)during public health emergencies.,and reveals the relationship and the factors shaping these needs.[Design/Methodology]Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted and 96 valid interview transcripts were analyzed.Open coding was performed to analyze the data using NVivo11 software.[Findings/Conclusion]The results indicate that the public expects to obtain security guarantee information,social-related dynamic information,emergencies-related knowledge,and positive reports from GID.The public present different levels of information needs.It is observed that some needs are aroused by others.The results also indicate that the public information needs are affected by the characteristics of the event,individual characteristics,and disclosed information.[Originality/Value]This study provides a theoretical foundation for the government to understand the information needs of the public when they are facing emergent event and serve them better.It also has implications in improving the GID quality in practice.