绿色技术创新如何赋能黄河流域绿色发展——基于EKC拐点内涵的新解读

How Does Green Technology Innovation Empower Green Development in Yellow River Basin——Based on A New Interpretation of the Connotation of EKC Inflection Point

系统论述了绿色技术创新驱动绿色发展的理论机制,并采用2003—2018年黄河流域53个地级市的面板数据进行实证检验。以EKC拐点蕴含的经济增长与环境污染脱钩趋势直观表征区域绿色发展成效,通过构建基于非中国内地申请人在华申请绿色专利数的工具变量以及变换核心指标的测度方法保证了结果的稳健性。研究发现,绿色技术创新能使黄河流域在相对低的经济水平上兼顾经济增长和环境改善,主要源于技术层面的减排降污效应和对产业结构升级的促进效应。考虑了空间交互影响后,绿色技术创新依然对本地绿色发展具有积极作用,但对其他地区的正向知识溢出效应尚不明显,还可能挤出部分污染企业迁向邻近地区,同时,地级市间存在明显的污染溢出现象。据此,沿黄各地应将绿色技术创新作为今后实现经济发展和生态环境相容的根本抓手,着力构建区域绿色技术创新体系,健全流域协同发展机制,避免产业结构调整脱离技术和市场支撑。

This paper systematically discusses the theoretical mechanism of green technology innovation driving green development,and uses the panel data of 53 cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2003 to 2018 for empirical test.The decoupling trend of economic growth and environmental pollution implied in EKC inflection point is used to intuitively characterize the effectiveness of regional green development.The robustness of the results is ensured by constructing the instrumental variable based on the number of green patents applied in China by applicants who are not from Chinese mainland and changing the measurement method of core indicators.It is found that green technology innovation enables the Yellow River basin to balance economic growth and environmental improvement at a relatively low economic level,mainly due to the emission and pollution reduction effect at the technical level and the promotion effect on industrial structure upgrading.Considering the spatial interaction,green technology innovation still has a positive effect on local green development,but the positive knowledge spillover effect on other regions is not obvious,and it may also squeeze out some polluting enterprises to move to adjacent areas.At the same time,there is an obvious pollution spillover phenomenon between prefecture-level cities.Accordingly,all regions along the Yellow River should regard green technology innovation as the fundamental channel to realize the compatibility of economic development and ecological environment in the future.Focus on building the regional green technology innovation system,improving the coordinated development mechanism of Yellow River Basin,and avoiding industrial structure adjustment apart from technical and market support.