“魏晋风度”与鲁迅“杂文自觉”的风格外化

Lu Xun’s Lecture on Wei and Jin Literature and His Self-awareness in Essay Writing

《魏晋风度及文章与药及酒之关系》是鲁迅在“大时代”带来的震惊与恐怖之余,重整自我意识、重申写作立场的仪式性、表演性创作。通过对魏晋文章与时事之关系的寓言性分析,鲁迅为杂文在严酷现实政治环境中打开历史纵深和象征空间。“‘而已’而已”的诗学句法由此在对象化和讽喻活动中,成为新的现实表现与历史叙事的构造原则。在新文学“现代性”意义上,魏晋演讲标志着鲁迅从前期效力于文化革命、思想革命、伦理革命和社会革命的“自在的写作”阶段返诸自身,在生存环境的极端挤压和限制下走向“自为的写作”。从中国文学源流角度看,杂文则是在欧风美雨中守护白话文学同其古代传统之间的传承与风格连续性的独特实践。

“The Style and Literature of the Wei and Jin Dynasties and Their Relationship with Medication and Wine,”an article adapted from a lecture given in 1927, is Lu Xun’s ritualistic and performative attempt to reorganize his self-awareness and reaffirm his writing stance after the shock and horror brought upon him by the“momentous era.”Through an allegorical analysis of the relationship between Wei and Jin’s essays and current events, Lu Xun opens up historical depth and symbolic space for essay writing in the harsh political environment. The poetic syntax of“nothing but‘nothing but’”thus becomes a new constructive principle of reality representation and historical narrative in allegorical writing. In the sense of“modernity”in the new literary movement, the lecture marks Lu Xun’s transformation from the early stage of“free writing”in the service of cultural revolution, ideological revolution, ethical revolution, and social revolution to the“self-conscious writing”under the extremely squeezing and restraining circumstances. From the perspective of the origin and development of Chinese literature, essay writing is a unique practice of guarding the inheritance and stylistic continuity between vernacular literature and its ancient traditions in the midst of overwhelming European and American influences.