“经验的自主表达”:概念建构的田野政治学路径——以“板结社会”概念为例

The Path of Conceptual Construction in the Field Study of Political Science: Taking the Concept of “The Stratified Society” as an Example

中国自主知识体系的构建,建立在中国实践和经验的主体性基础之上。中国经验并非既有知识体系的“注脚”,或者创造性地适应于既有知识体系,而是要在学术研究的知识体系内做出中国经验的自主表达。田野政治学将田野现象和经验作为知识生产或概念建构的来源,“板结社会”是源于中国经验的概念建构,在国家建构的知识体系内,是基于国家权力进入乡村社会所遭遇的乡村社会政治形态做出的中国经验的自主表达。对于国家建构而言,国家权力穿透社会遭遇中间阻隔的一般规律赋予“板结社会”概念在知识体系中的有效性,它为20世纪上半期国家建构遭遇“内卷化”的结局提供了解释力,也为1949年后中国国家建构的实践进程提供了认识依据。

The construction of China’s independent knowledge system is based on the subjectivity of Chinese practice and experience. However, the Chinese experience is not a “footnote” of the established knowledge system, nor is it a creative adaptation of the established knowledge system, but an independent expression of the Chinese experience in the knowledge system of academic research. Field study in political science uses field evidence and experience as sources of knowledge production or conceptual construction. “The Stratified Society” is a conceptual construction derived from the Chinese experience, an independent expression of the Chinese experience in the knowledge system of state construction, based on the rural social and political forms encountered when state power enters rural society. For state construction, the general rule of state power penetrating society and encountering intermediate obstacles gives validity to the concept of “The Stratified Society” in the knowledge system, providing a forcible explanation for the result of the “involution” of state-building in the first half of the 20th century. This also provides a basis for understanding the practical process of Chinese state-building after 1949.