东周薄壁刻纹铜器及其相关问题

Thin-walled Engraved Bronze Ware of Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Related Issues

器壁轻薄的刻纹铜器是东周时期很别致的一类器物,由于它的加工工艺特殊,而且图案具有一定的礼仪性,久已引起考古、科技史、周代礼仪等相关研究者的重视。本文在现有材料和研究的基础上,对刻纹铜器的出现时间、工艺渊源及产地等问题进行了探索,指出刻纹铜器出现年代早于目前普遍认为的春秋晚期,大约在春秋中期偏晚,公元前7世纪末叶已经在中原及山东地区出现,而且可能是多地起源的,到春秋晚期阶段主要的生产中心应是吴越地区。同时从大量的薄壁铜器及特别的刻纹图案来看,长江中游的湖北地区,也存在独立的刻纹铜器生产中心,只是刻纹铜器的数量不算太多。刻纹铜器加刻纹饰时,需要将器物固定,这是目前多数纹饰位于器物内壁的原因。

The engraved bronze ware with light and thin wall in the Eastern Zhou dynasty is especially unique for its special processing technique and certain ritual pattern, which has attracted the attention of researchers in the archaeology, the history of science and technology, the etiquette of the Zhou dynasty and other relevant fields for a long time. On the basis of existing materials and research, this paper explores the emergence time, technique origin and related issues of engraved bronze ware, pointing out that the engraved bronze ware had appeared in the Central Plains and Shandong region at the end of the 7th century BC in the later mid-Spring and Autumn period, earlier than late Spring and Autumn period generally accepted. Furthermore, it might have originated in many places and the main production center should be Wu-Yue area in the late Spring and Autumn period. At the same time, from the perspective of a large number of thin-walled bronze wares and the special engraved patterns, there were also independent engraved bronze ware production centers in Hubei in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, but the number of engraved bronze wares is not too large. When the bronze ware is engraved, it is necessary to be fixed, that is why most of the decorations are located on the inner wall of the ware.