郭秉文、杨杏佛与1927年鼎革之际教育界的权势转移

Guo Bingwen, Yang Xingfo and the Transfer of Power in the Education Circle during the Revolution in 1927

郭秉文与杨杏佛为近代教育史中无法绕开的两个人物,两人均对近代中国的高等教育发展做出了重要的贡献。然而因为教育理念与政治倾向的迥异,两人的关系也经历了一个由亲到疏,再到反目成仇的过程,并由此引发了江苏教育界权力结构的裂变。1924年,郭秉文及东南大学校董会因经费支绌裁撤工科,杨杏佛被迫离校。此后,包括1925年东大“易长”风潮的发生,1927年东大的改组等无一例外地与二人有关。1928年,在教育界如日中天的杨氏又努力推动中华教育文化基金会的改组,迫使代表郭秉文等“北洋旧人”难以在教育界立足。两人的经历在鼎革之际的教育界具有一定的代表性,他们的命运沉浮不仅是两个时代的缩影,而且也折射出1927年前后教育界的革故鼎新与权势转移。

Guo Bingwen and Yang Xingfo are two inescapable figures in the modern education history and both of them have made great contributions to the development of higher education in modern China. However, due to differences in educational philosophy and political inclinations,their relationship had gone through a process from being close to estranged, and then they became enemies, which led to a reshuffle of the power structure in the educational circle in Jiangsu. In 1924,Guo and the Board of Directors of Southeast University abolished the engineering department due to financial constraints, and Yang was forced to leave the University. Since then, the tide of changing the president of Southeast University, the reorganization of Southeast University, etc. were all related to the two. In 1928, Yang made efforts to promote the reorganization of the China Foundation for Promotion of Education and Culture, that made it was difficult for the “old Beiyang faction” and representative Guo to gain a foothold in the education field. The experiences of the two have a certain representativeness in the education field during the revolution in 1927, whose fortunes were not only a microcosm of the eras, but also the reflection of the power transfer in the educational circle of the Republic of China around 1927.