鲁班称呼、生年及相关发明考辨——以《墨子》的载述为中心

Lu Ban’s Appellation, Birth Year and Inventions: A Discussion Centering on the Accounts in Mo Zi

先秦两汉文献中出现过多种称呼鲁班的方式,其生年、发明等信息也未有定论。文章以《墨子》的相关载述为中心,依托先秦两汉其它文献,在《墨子间诂》等研究的基础上,对有关问题作进一步探讨。研究表明,“般”是其本名,“班”类称呼方式约在西汉末期才出现,“公输”表其职守,后冠以国名“鲁”称之;鲁班约生于鲁定公末年(前498年左右);“钩强”与“钩钜”并非同一种兵器,另外鲁班还改造了战国攻城云梯,发明了会飞的木鹊等。

There are many ways of signifying Lu Ban in the documents of Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties,and his birth year,inventions and other personal information are still hard to define.Therefore,the essay focuses on the accounts of Lu Ban in Mo Zi and aims to make a further study of him by referring to Mo Zi Jian Gu and other previous researches.According to this study,"般"was Lu Ban's authentic name and the"班"appellation emerged at the end of the Western Han Dynasty;"Gongshu"signified his profession,and later it was replaced by"Lu,"the name of his native country;Lu Ban was approximately born in the late period of Lu Dinggong,and more concretely,about 498 B.C;"Gouqiang"and"Gouju"may not be the same weapon and furthermore Lu Ban improved"Y'unti,"which was used for the siege in the Warring States Period,and invented"Muque",a wooden device that could fly.