法院执行矿山生态修复专项资金的法理分析

Legal Analysis of Court Implementation of Special Funds for Mine Eco-Restoration

矿山生态修复专项资金法定用于矿山地质环境治理恢复和土地复垦,它具有保护环境公共利益的性质,在实践中不能简单地作为普通财产进行处置。法院在审理涉及矿山企业的案件时以下达协助执行通知书的形式直接冻结或扣划矿山生态修复专项资金,影响采矿权人履行矿山生态修复义务,也带来一系列行政、财政和司法负担。司法实践中,因专项资金可否冻结或扣划存在争议,法院对专项资金设立的内在价值追求理解也不同,其根源在于司法权和环境行政权的冲突、私益与公益的冲突、公平与秩序的冲突。为解决冲突,建议:(1)司法权应充分尊重环境行政权,出台司法解释明确专项资金专项用于矿山生态修复;(2)建立司法与行政机关沟通协调机制;(3)推进司法公开,减少法律的不确定性,解决“同案不同判”问题。

The special funds for mine eco-restoration is legally used for mine geological environment restoration and land reclamation,which has the nature of protecting the public interest of the environment,hence,it cannot simply be disposed of as ordinary property in practice.When the courts heard cases of mining enterprises,they used the form of issuing letters of assist in enforcement to directly freeze or deducts the special funds of mine eco-restoration,which affects the performance of mining rights holders of obligations for mine eco-restoration and also brings a series of administrative,financial and judicial burdens.In judicial practice,because of the disputes over whether special funds can be frozen or deducted,the courts have different understandings of the intrinsic value of the pursuit of the establishment of special funds,which is rooted in the conflict between judicial power and environmental administrative power,between private interest and public interest,and between fairness and order.In order to resolve the conflict,this paper suggests that(1)the judicial power should fully respect the environmental administrative power and issue a judicial interpretation to clarify that the special funds are specifically used for mine eco-restoration;(2)establish a mechanism for communication and coordination between judicial and administrative authorities;(3)promote judicial openness,reduce legal uncertainty and solve the problem of"common case of different judgments".