探索还是利用?行为生态视角下组织时间因素对员工创新的影响

Exploration or Exploitation?The Influence of Organizational Time Factors on Employee Innovation from the Perspective of Behavioral Ecology

已有关于员工创新行为的研究多关注员工个体间差异因素和团队、领导等作用因素,而对作为个体内差异因素重要来源且客观存在的组织生态因素关注不足。行为生态视角下组织员工创新行为的多态性受到员工感知的组织中观层面和微观层面的时间因素(组织发展生命史策略和任务时间压力)的制约。本研究编制和检验了员工感知的组织发展生命史策略量表,并通过情景问卷实验法发现:组织发展的K策略与任务时间充裕正向影响员工的探索式创新行为,负向影响员工的利用式创新行为,而组织发展的r策略与任务时间不足的作用则与前者相反;组织发展生命史策略和任务时间压力的组合对员工创新行为表型多态性的影响可归纳为高度探索型、高度利用型、倾向探索型和倾向利用型四类。研究对管理实践者从不同尺度组织时间因素层面进行调整从而激发不同类型的员工创新行为具有启示意义。

The existing research on employees’innovation behavior mostly focuses on the factors of betweensubject differences and the role of team and leadership,while it pays insufficient attention to the organizational ecological factors that are important sources of within-subject differences that exist objectively.From the perspective of behavioral ecology,the polymorphism of innovation behavior of organizational employees are confined by the perceived life-history strategy of organizational development at the meso level and the perceived time pressure on tasks at the micro level.This study developed and validated the Perceived Organizational Life History Strategy Scale(POLHSS)and found that perceived K strategy and task time affluence both positively affected employees’exploratory innovation behaviors,and both negatively affected employees’exploitative innovation behavior through three situational experiments;while the r strategy and task time deficiency had the opposite effects.The influence of the combination of perceived life-history strategy of organizational development and perceived task time pressure on employees’work passion and process-oriented innovation behavior can be summarized into four types:the high-degree exploration type,the high-degree exploitation type,the exploration leaning type and the exploitation leaning type.This research has implications for management practitioners to adjust the organizational time factors at different scales to stimulate different types of employees’innovation behavior.