执行任务还是维系关系?工作家庭冲突的内容结构及其对工作重塑的影响研究

"Performing Tasks"or"Maintaining Relationships"?The Structure of Work-Family Conflict and Its Effect on Job Crafting

以往有关工作与家庭冲突的研究多聚焦于做“事”引发的冲突,其结论不能完整解释资源局限性视角下本土文化中的冲突困境。在注重友情和亲情的文化情境下,做“人”引发的冲突亟待被关注。本研究首先拓展工作家庭冲突构念并编制相应量表,之后基于资源保存和调节焦点理论,探讨不同类型的冲突对工作重塑的影响机制。研究一采用质性研究,从内容视角将工作家庭冲突界定为执行任务(做“事”)与维系关系(做“人”)两种类型,并完成量表的重构与检验;研究二对562份横截面数据与229份两阶段数据进行分析,发现执行任务引发的工作家庭冲突通过促进型调节焦点对任务重塑产生正向影响,寻求绩效反馈正向调节这一间接关系;维系关系引发的工作家庭冲突通过防御型调节焦点对关系重塑产生正向影响,寻求角色反馈亦正向调节这一间接关系。本研究在本土文化情境下拓展了工作家庭冲突构念,深化了其与工作重塑之间作用机制的研究,启发组织与员工如何应对做“人”与做“事”引发的工作家庭冲突。

Previous studies on work-family conflict mainly focus on conflict caused by tasks implementation,and the existing conclusions cannot fully explain the conflict dilemma in local culture from the perspective of resource limitations.In the cultural context of paying attention to friendship and kinship,the conflict caused by relationship maintenance needs urgent attention from scholars.This study first expands the concept of work-family conflict and develops a scale.Then,we explore the impact of different types of work-family conflict on job crafting,based on the conservation of resources and regulatory focus theory.Study 1 uses qualitative research to identify two types of work-family conflict,namely tasks implementation induced work-family conflict and relationship maintenance induced work-family conflict,and completes the scale reconstruction and test.In study 2,by analyzing 562 cross sectional data and 229 multi-wave data,it shows that work-family conflict caused by performing tasks has a positive impact on the task crafting of employees through the promotion regulatory focus,and performance feedback seeking positively moderates this indirect relationship.Work-family conflict caused by maintaining relationships has a positive impact on the relationship crafting of employees through the prevention regulatory focus,and role feedback seeking positively moderates this indirect relationship.This study expands the concept of work-family conflict in the context of local culture,deepens the research on the relationship between work-family conflict and job crafting,and provides reference for organizations and employees on how to deal with work-family conflict caused by tasks implementation or relationship maintenance.