谁是我国的第三类劳动者?基于从属性特征的类型学及其工作条件组间差异分析

Quasi-Subordinated Workers in China:A Typology of Gig Riders Based on Economic Dependency and Subordination and Inter-group Heterogeneity Analysis in Working Conditions

平台经济的出现引发了世界各国对平台劳动者法律身份的广泛争议。本研究借鉴了主要国际劳动统计机构对第三类劳动者的统计方法,对7680名外卖骑手的从属性水平进行了实证测量,并从“人格从属性”与“经济依赖性”两个维度对骑手的从属性特征进行了类型化,对不同类型下骑手的收入、工作强度、工作时间、社会保障覆盖率等客观工作条件以及工作压力和工作满意度等主观感受进行了组间比较。研究发现,经济依赖性对骑手工作条件的影响更加显著,而人格从属性则对骑手的主观感受具有显著影响。

The legal identification of workers in new forms of employment has widely sparked controversy.Taking the statistical methods from major international labour statistics institutions for the quasi-subordinated workers as references,this study measured the subordinate attribute level of 7680 food delivery riders,and classified the typology of riders according to two dimensions:economic dependency and subordination.Then,objective working conditions such as income,working intensity,working hours,social security coverage,and subjective feelings such as working stress and job satisfaction were compared among different subtypes of riders.Results demonstrated that economic dependency plays a more significant role in predicting riders’working conditions,while subordination obviously influences riders’subjective feelings.