历史建筑“基因图谱”解析与表达——以杭嘉湖地区茧站为例

Analysis and Expression of the"Gene Maps"of Historical Buildings:Taking the Cocoon Stations in the Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou Plain as an Example

引入生物学基因概念,借鉴建筑类型学理论和传统聚落景观基因的相关研究,诠释了历史建筑基因概念及其基本属性,构建了历史建筑基因系统逻辑结构,提出历史建筑基因图谱的体系架构。在此基础上,分析梳理了杭嘉湖地区茧站发展演进历程、构成与分类以及空间分布特征。据此,分别从基因表型图谱表达、基因编码图谱表达、基因修饰图谱表达三方面对杭嘉湖地区茧站历史建筑基因图谱的表达逻辑、内容和方法进行解析和阐释;进而,依据对基因图谱的逻辑读解总结了杭嘉湖地区茧站历史建筑的类型学特征。最后,归纳整理了杭嘉湖地区茧站历史建筑基因图谱研究的创新价值。

This study first introduces the concept of the"biological gene."It then draws on architectural typology and spatial gene theories to propose that the connotation of"historical building gene"is a unique and relatively stable architectural"genetic factor"with historical and cultural heritage significance,including architectural typology components with heritage value.The connotation carries cultural memory and the spirit of place,harmonizing with the organization of the natural and human environment of the region.The study analyzes the genetic characteristics of the"historical building gene"—i.e.,historical heritage carrier attributes,unique attributes,value attributes,and architectural typology attributes.It constructs the logical structure of a historical building gene system,including the system structure framework,components,and their correlations.Thus,the study proposes the structure of the historical building gene-map system—consisting of a"gene-phenotype map,"a"gene-coding map,"and a"gene-modification map."Secondly,the historical buildings of cocoon stations in the Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou Plain are selected as the objects of study.Their development history,composition,classification,and spatial distribution characteristics are analyzed and sorted in the historical context of the regional silk industry.Accordingly,the gene map’s logic,contents,and methods are analyzed and interpreted from three perspectives:gene-phenotype map expression,gene-coding map expression,and gene-modification map expression.For genephenotype map expression,the gene-phenotype map is completed and cataloged based on researching the case samples.An information data platform,with storage,query,display,supplement,and update functions,is constructed.The platform serves as image data for researching gene-coding-map and gene-modification-map research,architectural attribute cognition,and feature analysis.For gene-coding-map expression,the case samples are characterized and logically identified from overall to local,physical to spatial,form to function,structural system to enclosure system,etc.The completed gene-coding map includes the"type"map of site environment and layout,the"type"map of form and structure,the"type"map of functional space and structure,the"type"map of environmental adaptation,etc.Gene-modification-map expression is based on the changes in the characteristics of the historical buildings of cocoon stations in the Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou Plain under the action of external factors,including changes in the appearance of the building due to the replacement of industrial production facilities associated with the building form or space,or the disappearance of the physical elements of the genetic inheritance due to the demolition of the architectural noumenon.Thirdly,the study analyzes the typological characteristics of the historical buildings of cocoon stations in the Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou Plain based on the logical interpretation of the gene map,including the"prototype typological"characteristics of the logic of spatial structure and the"territorial typological"characteristics of the logic of construction and form.Finally,the study’s innovative value to the gene map of historical building cocoon stations in the Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou Plain lies in forming a basic theoretical framework for the historical building gene and an analysis method,expression mode and research paradigm for the typological characteristics of historical buildings.The study serves as a theoretical and graphical basis for assessing historical building values.It also measures and classifies the sequence of genetic elements,conserving and regenerating the measures selected and the scheme design.It generates a new cognitive structure and interpretative discourse system for historical building conservation by deduction.