微气候对严寒地区城市广场冬季活力的影响研究

A Study of the Effect of Microclimate on the Vitality of Urban Squares in Severe-Cold Regions in Winter

严寒地区城市冬季活力低下,基于微气候的视角,研究严寒城市公共空间冬季活力与微气候的关联性,可以为提升公共空间冬季活力寻找途径。选取严寒地区典型城市广场为研究对象,通过对广场微气候和人群行为的数据采集与分析,探究微气候对空间活力的影响。研究发现:气候条件是限制严寒城市公共空间冬季活力的重要因素。(1)不同活动主题的广场中,微气候对广场活动参与人次的影响不同;(2)微气候对不同类型活动人群的影响不同;(3)太阳辐射是人群空间分布的主要影响因素。此研究结果可为严寒地区城市广场冬季活力提升提供参考借鉴。

With the construction and development of livable cities,the design of outdoor public spaces based on human perception is gradually gaining attention.In severe-cold cities,the cold climate profoundly restricts people’s outdoor activities,and the optimal design of urban public space based on improving the spatial microclimate environment conditions becomes a means to solve this problem.Therefore,the urban squares with the lowest vitality in winter in urban public spaces are selected as the research objects in this paper.Three typical urban squares with different activity themes in Harbin,a typical severe-cold city,are selected as the research samples based on field investigations and interviews.The characteristics of crowd activity in the space(activity participants,activity type,and spatial distribution)are taken as the characterization elements of spatial vitality.From the perspective of a microclimate affecting the behavior of crowds,the correlation between the vitality of public spaces and a microclimate in severe-cold cities is studied through on-site measurement of the microclimate environment and observation of crowd behavior to find ways to improve the vitality of public spaces in winter from the perspective of improving a microclimate environment.The correlation between the number of participants and the microclimate factors in squares with different activity themes is analyzed,and the microclimate factors with significant effects are fitted with linear regressions to obtain the quantitative relationship between them.The analysis shows that the microclimate has different effects on the number of participants in different squares with different activity themes.The number of participants in the leisure and social-oriented square is mainly affected by solar radiation;the number of participants in the fitness-oriented square is affected by air temperature and solar radiation;the number of participants in the sports-oriented square is generally not affected by a microclimate.The spatial distribution of crowds in the square is overlaid with the microclimate plan.The choice of crowd activity sites is mainly dominated by sunlight,and static activities are more crowded and more sensitive to solar radiation than dynamic activities.Thus,improving the microclimate conditions of the square,increasing the proportion of sunlight area of the square,and reasonably dividing the functional space of the square according to the effect mechanism of the microclimate into different types of activities are the keys to improving the vitality of the severe-cold urban square in winter.Based on the results of this study,designers can provide targeted strategies in the design and renovation of specific severe-cold urban squares based on the characteristics of different squares and the specific behavior of a crowd.This will better ensure the quality of the space and enhance the vitality of the square space in winter.