基于建构主义学习理论的全麻护理教育模式构建及效果评价

Construction and effect of general anesthesia nursing education model based on constructivism learning theory

目的构建基于建构主义学习理论的全麻护理教育模式并评价其应用效果。方法2021年1—3月,通过文献检索、质性访谈和专家论证形成基于建构主义学习理论的全麻护理教育模式。采用便利抽样法,选取2021年5—8月河南科技大学第一附属医院的106例择期全身麻醉手术患者为研究对象。将2021年5—6月符合标准的53例患者设为对照组,将2021年7—8月符合标准的53例患者设为干预组。对照组给予常规术前健康教育,干预组给予基于建构主义学习理论的全麻护理教育模式。采用状态焦虑量表(SAI)、血压、心率测量患者的焦虑状态,采用恢复质量问卷(QoR-15)测量患者的恢复质量。采用独立样本t检验进行组间比较。结果干预组患者干预后的SAI得分为(37.02±3.41)分,低于对照组的(40.60±9.65)分,差异有统计学意义(t=2.550,P<0.05)。两组患者术前1 d的收缩压、舒张压及心率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者入手术间及拔管前的收缩压、舒张压及心率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者拔管后的心率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后3 d干预组患者的QoR-15总分为(113.21±5.04)分,高于对照组的(107.25±5.90)分,差异有统计学意义(t=5.594,P<0.01)。结论基于建构主义学习理论的全麻护理教育模式能够改善患者的焦虑情绪,提高患者的恢复质量。

Objective To construct the general anesthesia nursing education model based on constructivism learning theory and evaluate its effect.Methods From January to March 2021,a general anesthesia nursing education model based on constructivism learning theory was formed through literature retrieval,qualitative interview and expert argumentation.From May to August 2021,a total of 106 patients undergoing elective general anesthesia surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology were selected by convenient sampling.A total of 53 patients who met the criteria from May to June 2021 were set as the control group,and 53 patients who met the criteria from July to August 2021 were set as the intervention group.The control group was given routine preoperative health education,and the intervention group received general anesthesia nursing education model based on constructivism learning theory.The anxiety state of patients was measured with the State Anxiety Inventory(SAI),blood pressure and heart rate,and the recovery quality of patients was measured with the Quality of Recovery(QoR-15).Independent sample t-test was used for comparison between groups.Results The SAI score of intervention group patients after intervention was(37.02¡À3.41),lower than that of the control group(40.60¡À9.65),and the difference was statistically significant(t=2.550,P<0.05).There was no statistical difference in systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and heart rate between the two groups one day before operation(P>0.05).There were statistical differences in systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and heart rate of the two groups before extubation and operation(P<0.05).There was statistical difference in heart rate between the two groups after extubation(P<0.01).Three days after operation,the total score of QoR-15 in the intervention group was(113.21¡À5.04),which was higher than that in the control group(107.25¡À5.90),and the difference was statistically significant(t=5.594,P<0.01).Conclusions The general anesthesia nursing education model based on the constructivism learning theory can improve the anxiety and recovery quality of patients.