前景理论视角下终末期患者临终决策偏好影响因素的研究进展

Research progress on influencing factors of end-stage patients'end-of-life decision-making preference from perspective of prospect theory

临终医疗决策是终末期患者治疗照护过程中所面临的一个重要问题,其决策情况复杂,影响因素众多。前景理论是重要决策理论之一,其认为个人基于参考点位置不同,会有不同的风险态度,从而做出不同的临终治疗选择;而参考点选择因人而异,受个体的特征、认知、经验、心理特质、所处社会环境等多方面影响。故本文基于前景理论,从个人、心理、社会环境3个方面对终末期患者的临终决策偏好及影响因素进行综述,以期为提高终末期患者的照护质量提供参考。

Decision-making for end-of-life care is an important problem faced by end-stage patients in the process of treatment and care.The decision-making is complex and there are many influencing factors.Prospect theory is one of the important decision-making theories,which believes that individuals will have different risk attitudes based on different reference point locations,so as to make different end-of-life treatment choices.The selection of reference points varies from person to person,and is affected by individual characteristics,cognition,experience,psychological characteristics,social environment and so on.Based on the prospect theory,this paper summarizes the end-of-life decision-making preferences and its influencing factors in end-stage patients from three aspects of personal,psychology and social environment,in order to provide reference for improving the quality of care of end-stage patients.