“死亡”·“空洞”·“迷宫”·“外界”——从雷蒙·鲁塞尔看德勒兹对福柯的接受和创化

“Death”,“Cavity”,“Labyrinth”and“Outside”:On Deleuze’s Acceptance and Creative Transformation of Foucault from the Perspective of Raymond Russell

20世纪60年代,福柯对文学葆有极大的兴趣,尤其是对鲁塞尔。他认为鲁塞尔通过制造读音相似、意义不同的句子展开情节,他离间了词与物的对应关系,让文字丧失表意的功能,成为一场自由嬉戏的游戏。语言不再是表象世界的工具,而成为它自己,那么文学也不再叙述故事、表象事物,而是进入一个词语不断增殖的迷宫。德勒兹延续着福柯未完成的道路继续生发、不断改写,造就了新的隐喻:“作者之死”变为“欲望机器”,词语“空洞”化作“差异重复”,“迷宫”思想成就“褶子”诗学,“外界”空间转为曲线“逃逸”。德勒兹受福柯的影响,认为鲁塞尔是伟大的重复者,最大程度地将差异纳入其中,以此延展出他的差异思想,构建一种全新的迷宫诗学。于是,文学以背离自身的方式从话语的裂缝中绽出,承担了反抗主体、解构理性的重任,显现出无限的革命性和先锋性。

In the 1960s,Foucault had a great interest in literature,especially in Russell.He believed that Russell unfolded the plot by making sentences with similar pronunciations but different meanings.Russell broke the correspondence between words and objects,making the words lose the function of expressing meanings and become a free game.In this way,language is no longer a tool to represent the world,but becomes itself.Then literature will not any more narrate stories or represent things,but become a maze of increasing words.Deleuze followed Foucault’s path,continued to rewrite and formed new metaphors,the“death of the writer”becoming a“desire machine”,words turning devoid as the“repetition of differences”,the idea of“labyrinth”leading to“fold”poetry,and the“outside”space changing into curvy“escape”.Influenced by Foucault,Deleuze believed that Russell was a great replicator,and he included differences to the greatest extent.Deleuze extended his idea of differences and constructed a new labyrinth poetics.Hence,literature develops from the crack of discourses in the way of deviating from itself,bears the mission of resisting the subject and deconstructing reason,and demonstrates its endless revolutionary and pioneering spirit.