硫酸酯离子液体的合成、物化性质及应用

Synthesis,physicochemical properties,and applications of sulphate ionic liquids

硫酸酯离子液体因其不含卤素离子,具有极低的蒸气压、高的热稳定性、高黏度指数、低等温压缩系数、选择性溶解能力和良好的生物相容性等独特的性质而备受关注.本文主要介绍了硫酸酯离子液体的合成方法,包括一步法、两步法;归纳了硫酸酯离子液体的结构,特别是阴、阳离子烷基链长度等对其密度、黏度、折光率、表面张力、等温压缩系数以及其中的声音传导特性等物化性质的影响;总结了硫酸酯离子液体在溶解、萃取、催化、润滑、气体吸附分离以及复合材料等不同领域的应用;最后探讨了硫酸酯离子液体当前存在的问题并对其发展趋势进行了展望.

Sulfate ionic liquids,a new type of ionic liquid,are formed by the combination of sulfate anions and organic cations.Sulfate ionic liquids are important because of their unique characteristics,such as a lack of halogen ions,extremely low vapor pressure,high thermal stability,a high viscosity index,low isothermal compressibility,selective solubility,and good biocompatibility.In this paper,the recent progress in sulfate ionic liquids is reviewed,with focus on one-step and two-step synthetic methods.The physicochemical parameters,such as the density,viscosity,refractive index,surface tension,isothermal compression coefficient,and sound conduction,are summarized,and the effects of the physicochemical properties of sulfate ionic liquids,such as the length of the alkyl chains with anionic and cationic groups,are discussed.The sulfate ionic liquids discussed in this review could be used in various fields as new environmentally friendly solvents,extractants,catalysts,lubricating materials,gas absorption materials,and to separate or dope composite materials.