国家反垄断局的设置及其功能优化路径

The Establishment of the State Anti-monopoly Bureau and Its Function Optimization Path

国家反垄断局的设置标志着反垄断执法机构在行政科层结构中政治地位的升格,但是如何能够实现期待的制度功能仍有待观察。内嵌于行政科层结构的执法机构承载着执法效率、合法权威和资源争取等制度功能的合理期待。过去的“分立”机构在这些功能实现的层面表现不佳,改革后的“合一”机构在执法效率方面有所增益。但是,由内设的司局级机构主导的垄断行为规制仍然面临科层结构塑造的多任务“隐性竞争”情境。因此,为补偿其他“强激励”工作的“挤出效应”,应通过升格机构的政治地位来赋予更多执法资源。除却外在政治条件的支持,国家反垄断局还应继续在反垄断委员会职能行使、执法能力建设以及激励机制设置等层面对内部工作机制予以合理设计,以满足执法制度功能的期待要求。

The establishment of the State Anti-Monopoly Bureau means that the political status of the anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies in the administrative bureaucracy has been upgraded,but it remains to be seen how to achieve the expected institutional functions.The law enforcement agencies embedded in the administrative bureaucracy should meet reasonable expectations for institutional functions such as efficiency,legitimate authority,and resource acquisition.The previous separate agencies did not perform well at the level of fulfillment of these functions,and the reformed sole agency has improved law enforcement efficiency.However,the monopoly regulation dominated by bureau-level agencies still confronts a multi-task competition situation shaped by bureaucratic structure.Therefore,to compensate for the“squeeze-effect”of other“strong incentive”tasks,more law enforcement resources should be endowed by upgrading the political status of relevant institutions.In addition to external political support,the State Anti-Monopoly Bureau should continue to rationally design the internal working mechanism in terms of the functioning of the Anti-Monopoly Committee,the building of law enforcement capabilities,and the setting of incentive mechanism in order to meet the expectations for the institutional functions of law enforcement.