个人信息保护中告知同意的开放结构及其公法实现

Open Structure and Public Law Realization of Informed Consent in Personal Information Protection

个人信息保护领域对告知同意的批评源于民法格式条款的路径依赖,将告知同意等同于实践中作为其表现形式之一的隐私政策,继而将隐私政策作为格式合同存在的弊病扩展为告知同意固有且不可避免的问题。事实上,个人信息保护中的告知同意呈现开放结构,包含复次的告知同意阶段,呈现多元的主体交互关系,强调行为授权的程序价值,为公法介入告知同意提供了基础。个人信息保护中告知同意的多元合作规制体系,按照政府规制、元规制和自我规制各自规制优势确立公法介入的形式和程度,在矫正信息主体与信息处理者之间的权力差距以确保意志自由的同时,促进信息流通与信息安全等信息处理社会价值的实现。

The criticism of informed consent in the field of personal information protection stems from the path dependence on the standard terms of civil law,which equates informed consent with privacy policy as one of its manifestations in practice,and then extends the drawbacks of privacy policy as standard terms to the inherent and inevitable problems of informed consent.In fact,the informed consent in the protection of personal information has an open structure,contains multiple stages of informed consent,presenting as a pluralistic subject interaction,and emphasizes the procedural value of behavioral authorization,which provides a basis for public law to intervene in the informed consent.Through a pluralistic system of cooperative regulation,government regulation,meta-regulation and self-regulation establish the form and degree of public law intervention according to their respective regulatory advantages,and promote the realization of social values such as information circulation and information security,while balancing the power gap between information subjects and information processors to ensure freedom and truthfulness of will.