基于无人机数据采集技术的地形坡度勘测研究

Research on terrain slope survey under UAV data acquisition technology

地形坡度的大小关系到边坡的稳定性,坡度较大的地区极易引发滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害。为了准确了解边坡稳定性,减少地质灾害带来的生命财产损失,研究一种无人机数据采集技术下的地形坡度勘测方法。以南方某山地区为例,借助无人机搭载激光雷达设备,采集点云数据,并对点云数据实施滤波和稀疏的预处理。根据预处理的点云数据,建立数值高程模型,绘制不规则三角网,得出高程数据以及夹角数据。基于这2类数据,计算研究区坡度值,并划分坡度风险等级,实现地形坡度勘测。结果表明,计算出来的研究区整体坡度大于31°,与坡度等级表对比,等级划分为Ⅳ级,说明研究区为危险区域,边坡不稳定。

The size of the terrain slope is related to the stability of the slope, and the area with large slope is very easy to cause geological disasters such as landslides and debris flows.In order to accurately understand the slope stability and reduce the loss of life and property caused by geological disasters, a terrain slope survey method based on UAV data acquisition technology is studied.Taking a mountain area in the south as an example, with the help of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) equipped with laser radar equipment, point cloud data is collected and filtered and sparse pre-processed.According to the preprocessed point cloud data, the numerical elevation model is established, the irregular triangular network is drawn, and the elevation data and included angle data are obtained.Based on these two types of data, the slope value of the study area is calculated, and the slope risk level is divided to achieve topographic slope survey.The results show that the calculated overall slope of the study area is greater than 31 °.Compared with the slope grade table, the grade is classified as Grade Ⅳ,indicating that the study area is a dangerous area and the slope is unstable.