复归女性关怀的产科实践:迪克-瑞德自然分娩理念的提出、争论与影响

A Return to Female Care of Obstetric Practice:The Proposal,Controversy and Influence of Dick-Read’s Concept of Natural Childbirth

英国产科医生格兰特·迪克-瑞德于20世纪30年代提出自然分娩理念,认为女性对分娩的恐惧会导致子宫肌肉紧张进而引起产痛,可以通过分娩教育予以解除。自然分娩产生了诸多影响与争议,医学界对其在产科实践中的价值尚存疑虑;女性苦于分娩的日益去人性化,主动尝试自然分娩;女性主义者意识到其背后仍然是根深蒂固的父权制观念。追溯自然分娩理念的提出与实践过程,探讨医学技术、性别与社会之间的互动和影响。在医学技术对正常生命的干预过程中,自然分娩代表着对医学“照护与关怀”这一古老价值的永恒追求。

British obstetrician Grantly Dick-Read proposed the concept of natural childbirth in the 1930s,believed that women’s fear of childbirth led to uterine muscle tension and labor pain,which can be relieved through childbirth education.Natural childbirth brought huge controversy and influence.The medical community has doubted the value of natural childbirth in obstetric practice.Women suffered from the increasing dehumanization of childbirth and actively sought natural childbirth.Feminists realized the patriarchal concept behind natural childbirth.This article mainly traces the proposal and practice of natural childbirth,as a glimpse into the mutual influence and interaction between medicine,gender and society.In the intervention of medical technology on the normal life process,natural childbirth represents the eternal pursuit of the ancient value of"care"in medicine.