组态视角下我国公路货运高效发展的路径探究

Exploration of Efficient Development Path for Road Freight Transport in China from the Perspective of Configuration

公路货运在我国综合运输体系中占主体地位。已有研究多是探究单因素对运输效率的“净效应”,往往忽略影响因素间具有潜在的多重并发性。基于此,以2020年我国31个省(区、市)公路货物运输效率为例,运用数据包络分析法(DEA)和模糊集定性比较分析法(fs-QCA)结合,探究我国公路货运效率关键影响因素的协同效应和提升路径。研究发现:区域经济发展水平、等级公路占比、资源利用率和市场化水平是影响公路货运高效发展的关键性因素。任何单一条件变量都不构成公路货运高效的必要条件,并归纳出资源利用型、经济推动型、市场监管型和综合驱动型4条路径具有“殊途同归”的效果。此外,条件变量间存在替代互补关系。

Road freight transport occupies a dominant position in China’s comprehensive transport system. Most studies of the factors affecting transport efficiency have explored the “net effect” of single factors on transport efficiency, often ignoring the potential multiple concurrencies among influencing factors. Therefore, a combination of traditional data envelopment analysis(DEA) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis(fs-QCA) was used to investigate the synergistic effects and improvement paths of critical factors influencing the efficiency of road freight transport through the cases of the road freight transport efficiency of 31 provinces(municipalities or autonomous regions) in 2020. The study found that the regional economic development level, the proportion of classified roads, the resource utilization rate,and the marketization level are the key factors affecting the efficient development of road freight transport. No single causal variable constitutes a necessary condition for efficient road freight transport, and the four different paths, namely,the resource-using, economy-driven, market-regulated, and integrated-driven paths, have the same effect. Moreover, there is an alternative and complementary relationship between causal variables.