中国主产区芝麻生育期降水时空分布特征

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Precipitation during Sesame Growth Period in Main Producing Areas of China

选取中国芝麻主产区河南、湖北、安徽、江西四省63个气象站点1978—2019年间的逐日降水资料,运用时间序列分析方法,研究主产区及四省芝麻生育期内降水量的时空分布特征及变化趋势。结果表明:主产区芝麻全生育期平均降水量在224.3~1 194.3 mm之间,呈西北部和南部低、中东部高的分布趋势,且变异系数较大,在0.20~0.98之间。主产区中河南、湖北、安徽三省降水主要集中在现蕾-盛花期,江西主要集中在苗期。从气候倾向率看,主产区北部降水量以减少趋势为主,南部以增加趋势为主,但趋势大部分不显著;具体到各省情况,安徽终花-成熟期平均每10年显著增加14.2 mm,江西苗期和全生育期平均每10年分别显著增加22.1 mm和43.1 mm,其余省份和其它生育期变化趋势均不显著。1978—2019年主产区芝麻生育期内每个省都有50%以上的年份降水量在300~600 mm区间,而河南有81.0%的年份降水量在300~600 mm之间,四省中占比最高,且全生育期内降水量较其它三省偏少,与芝麻需水量契合度较高。本研究所得出的1978—2019年中国主产区四省芝麻生育期内降水量的时空分布特征与变化规律,可为今后中国芝麻种植布局和生产决策提供参考。

Based on the daily precipitation data of 63 meteorological stations in Henan, Hubei, Anhui and Jiangxi Provinces from 1978 to 2019, the time series analysis method was used to study the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and variation trend of precipitation in the main sesame producing areas and the four provinces. The results showed that the average precipitation during the whole growth period in the main sesame producing areas ranged from 224.3 mm to 1 194.3 mm with the distribution trend of low precipitation in the northwest and south area and high in the mid-east area, and the variation coefficient was larger, ranging from 0.20 to 0.98. The precipitation in Henan, Hubei and Anhui Provinces was mainly concentrated in the budding to flowering periods, while that in Jiangxi Province was mainly concentrated in the seedling period. From the perspective of climate tendency rate, the precipitation in the northern part of the main producing area mainly decreased, while that in the southern part mainly increased, but the most variation was not significant;according to the situation of each province, the average increase from final flowering to maturity was 14.2 mm per 10 years in Anhui Province, and that of seedling stage and the whole growth period in Jiangxi Province were 22.1 mm and 43.1 mm per 10 years, respectively;the change trend of other growth periods in other provinces was not significant. During 1978-2019, more than 50% of the annual precipitation in each province was in the range of 300~600 mm, while 81.0% of the annual precipitation in Henan Province was in the range of 300~600 mm, accounting for the highest proportion among the four provinces, and the precipitation in the whole growth period was less than that in the other three provinces, indicating high compatibility with sesame water requirement. This study clarified the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and variation rules of precipitation during the growth period of the four provinces in main sesame producing areas from 1978 to 2019, which was expected to provide guidance for sesame planting layout and production decision-making in China in the future.