共同富裕目标下旅游发展对乡村居民生计类型及特征的影响

The influence of tourism development on rural residents’livelihood type and characteristics under the goal of common prosperity

探究旅游发展对乡村居民生计的影响对实现共同富裕目标具有重要理论和现实意义。基于空间资本理论,以福建省龙潭村为例,通过深度访谈、实地观察等方法对旅游发展影响下乡村居民生计类型及其特征进行研究,得到结论如下:(1)乡村居民生计策略的形成受空间资本禀赋、家庭利益诉求与创业动机影响。(2)乡村居民生计可划分为自我更新、对外寻租、邻里投资以及迁移工作四种类型。(3)四种生计类型在结果上差别显著,这说明旅游发展在形塑乡村居民生计的过程中存在公平性缺失问题。在此基础上提出“优化空间资本”与“平衡利益诉求”的共同富裕实现路径,为乡村旅游可持续发展提供新的思路。

With the advent of post-industrial society and the implementation of rural revitalization strategy,tourism development has gradually become a key force to shape the livelihood characteristics of rural residents.However,the existing research pays little attention to the differentiated influence of tourism development on the livelihoods of rural residents.Through in-depth interviews and fieldwork,this article takes the case of Longtan village in Fujian province to explore the type division and characteristics of rural residents’livelihood under the influence of tourism development from the perspective of spatial capital theory.The results show that:(1)The formation of the characteristics of rural residents’livelihood types is affected by the spatial capital endowment,family interest demands as well as motivation for selfemployment,which reflects the fundamental logic of uneven capital movement.(2)Affected by tourism development directed by government and external enterprises,the overall livelihood of rural residents has been significantly improved,but on the individual level,they use selfrenewal,rent-seeking,neighborhood investment,and migration work as livelihood strategies.(3)Tourism development intensifies social inequality among rural residents within the community,and the livelihood characteristics of the four categories of residents are significantly different.This article constructs a classification framework for rural residents’livelihood characteristics and proposes a path to common prosperity through the optimization of spatial capital and balancing of interest demands.The findings can help deepen the understanding of the socioeconomic influence of tourism development in non-Western contexts and provide new insights for the sustainable development of rural tourism.