论格尔兹的文学人类学思想

On Geertz’s Thought of Literary Anthropology

美国文化人类学家克利福德·格尔兹的文学人类学思想可以命名为“符号阐释学”,这可以从两个方面来看:其一是符号人类学,其二是阐释人类学。格尔兹的符号人类学力图分析符号的象征意义,还原符号的文化功能,阐释文化的意蕴;格尔兹的阐释人类学思想以符号思想为基点,把文化看成一种“意义之网”,以及公共的、共享的象征与意义的集体文本,强调对文化行为的深层描写及阐释。概而言之,格尔兹的符号阐释学将文化视为一种符号文本,力图挖掘异文化中蕴含的象征、意义与思维,专注于文化文本的分析和意义的阐释,关注民族志实践和写作话语,反思了民族志的科学写作,极大地丰富了文学视野下文学人类学的研究。

The literary anthropology thought of Clifford Geertz, an American cultural anthropologist, can be named “Semiotic Hermeneutics”,which can be viewed from two aspects,one being semiotic anthropology,the other hermeneutic anthropology. Geertz’s semiotic anthropology attempts to analyze the symbolic meaning of symbols,restore the cultural functions of symbols,and interpret the meaning of culture;Geertz’s interpretive anthropology is based on the idea of symbols,and regards culture as a kind of“web of meaning”,and collective texts of public,shared symbols and meanings,emphasizing the deep description and interpretation of cultural behavior. In a word,Geertz’s semiotic hermeneutics regards culture as a semiotic text,tries to excavate the symbols,meanings and thinking contained in different cultures,focuses on the analysis of cultural texts and the interpretation of meaning and pays attention to ethnographic practice and thinking,writing discourse,reflecting on the scientific writing of ethnography,greatly enriches the study of literary anthropology from the perspective of literature.