温和的形式主义是否可能——兼论形式主义与反形式主义之争

Is Moderate Formalism Possible:The Dispute between Formalism and Anti-formalism

形式主义与反形式主义之争是当代分析美学中的重要议题。赞威尔的温和形式主义代表了当代分析美学中形式主义发展的最新动向。温和的形式主义主要针对沃尔顿的反形式主义展开。沃尔顿认为审美判断依赖于范畴,而温和的形式主义认为审美判断仍然只与对象的形式相关。然而温和的形式主义包含了两个基本教条:对象的审美属性仅仅依赖于形式本身、审美属性不会随着外在语境的变化而变化。这两个教条仍然存在着困难,并且截断了语词与生活之流之间的关联,从而陷入一种私有语言之中。

The dispute between formalism and anti-formalism is an important theme in contemporary analytic aesthetics. The moderate formalism advocated by Nick Zangwill is the latest development of formalism in contemporary analytic aesthetics. Moderate formalism targets Kendall L. Walton’s anti-formalism. Walton argues that aesthetic judgments depend on categories,while moderate formalism argues that aesthetic judgments depend only on forms.However,moderate formalism contains two dogmas,i.e.,the aesthetic properties of objects depend only on forms and aesthetic properties will not change when the context changes. The two dogmas may still face problems,and disconnect words from the flow of life,which could turn out to be a kind of private language.