论何焯对苏轼诗的阐释

Research on the Interpretation of Su Shi’s Poems by He Zhuo

何焯为清初文史评点和考据大家,惜其对苏轼诗歌的评点散佚严重,国图所藏过录何焯评点本《施注苏诗》一种,保存何焯评点650余条,弥足珍贵。再结合其他存世之何焯苏诗评语,可较为全面地了解其对苏诗的评点和阐释的内容与特色。通过全面梳理可以看出,何焯对苏诗有深入体会,对诗中的政治内涵多有独到阐发,对苏轼的消极思想则予以批评。何焯惯用文章之法解诗,对苏诗的字法、句法、章法、用典、用韵的妙处多有细密评析,对于苏诗“常套”模式亦有关注。何焯论诗坚持唐诗本位,讲求诗歌的“余味”,对苏轼“无味”的作品多有批评,对苏诗的宋诗本色鲜有论及。

He Zhuo is a literary and historical critic in the early Qing Dynasty. However,it is a pity that most of his comments on Su Shi’s poems have been lost. The national Library of China has preserved more than 650 comments by He Zhuo,which are extremely precious. We can understand the content and characteristics of his comments and interpretations on Su Shi’s poems comprehensively by combining them with other existing comments on Su Shi’s poems. Through a comprehensive review, He Zhuo had a deep understanding of Su poetry,and had a unique analysis of the political connotation of the poem,and criticized Su Shi’s negative thoughts. He Zhuo used to interpret poems by analyzing articles,and made a detailed comment and analysis on the character,syntax,structure,canon and rhyme of Su’s poems,and also paid attention to the“regular pattern”of Su’s poems.He Zhuo insisted on the standard of Tang poetry,focused on the“aftertaste”of poetry,criticized Su Shi’s“tasteless”works,and rarely talked about the nature of Su’s Song poetry.