文稿与材源的循本辨真——张爱玲关于小说、散文的自我陈述论析

Identifying Authenticity of Manuscripts and Sources——Analysis of Eileen Chang’s Self-statement about Her Fiction and Prose

张爱玲的自我陈述,对研究她具有重要价值,不少已为人所知,有一些知者较少,甚至把他人之作混淆为张爱玲作,产生了对于她的误断。《〈续集〉自序》是宋淇主动代张爱玲所作,力图为张爱玲辩护而提供了一些失真信息,张爱玲的未完自序稿则了解者甚少,理应循本辨真。《色,戒》的材源主要来自“郑苹如案”,但此前均为推测,未能实证,且对于文本题旨的解读也多远离其本旨。笔者从张爱玲私信中找到了难得的实证,并在英文原稿与中文定稿的对读中,显示其真义在于表现女性的生存以爱为中心,而盲目的爱之冲动,很可能导致生存危机。张爱玲因傅雷写《论张爱玲的小说》一文中批评了她,不久即写小说《殷宝滟送花楼会》影射其与成家榴的婚外恋,致使成家榴与傅雷分手,文本虽有其独特笔致,但总体不太成功。张爱玲晚年颇内疚,并非学者所谓张爱玲不知傅雷笔名而偶然写了这篇影射小说。

Eileen Chang’s self-statements are valuable to the study of her. Despite many being explored,a few are less known to and misleading readers for various reasons. Even others’ work is confused with Eileen Chang’s,resulting in misjudgments about Chang. For instance,The Self-Preface to the Sequel(Xu Ji),written by Stephen C. Soong on behalf of Chang,provided some distorted information in his defense of Chang’s reputation. However,Chang’s unfinished self-preface got insufficient attention. So,it is necessary to identify Chang’s original version. The sources of Lust,Caution mainly come from Zheng Pingru’s Case,but this perspective was always speculative in former studies,without empirical evidence. Meanwhile,most interpretations of Lust,Caution by researchers were far away from Chang’s original purpose. Chang’s private correspondence provided valuable evidence about this work in my findings. Besides,by a comparative reading of the English and final Chinese manuscripts,I argue that Lust,Caution displays the love-centered life of females,while blind and impulsive love tends to an existential crisis. After Fu Lei had criticized Chang in his essay On Eileen Chang’s Fiction,Chang published the novel,Yin Baoyan Sending Flowers to the House,alluding to Fu Lei’s underground love with Cheng Jialiu.This incident caused Cheng’s breakdown of the extramarital relationship. Though this story was distinctive in its literary style,generally speaking,it was unsuccessful. Chang felt guilty in her later years for this intentional innuendo story,instead of,like others said,Chang’s ignorance of Fu Lei’s pseudonym.