清代台湾地区开发史上的闽粤籍开台祖妈

The Founding Mothers of Fujian and Guangdong in the History of Taiwan Development during the Qing Dynasty

明清以来,闽粤移民渡海迁徙台湾地区掀起多次热潮。在台湾地区移民历史研究中,对于女性移民的研究仍较为薄弱。从闽粤台族谱资料中可见,清代统一台湾地区后各个历史时期,不仅有大量闽粤女性移民随男性迁徙台湾地区,成为唐山妈;也有许多闽粤女性单独带领子孙移民台湾地区,繁衍成族,成为开台祖妈,有的成为女性垦首。她们比男性付出更多的艰辛,更果敢,呈现出一种坚忍不拔的特性,体现了闽南文化、客家文化的鲜明特色。从另一角度充分证明台湾地区流行的“有唐山公,无唐山妈”极端说法是错误的。

Since the Ming and Qing dynasties,many waves of migration from Fujian and Guangdong to Taiwan across the sea have occurred.In the study of Taiwan's migration history,the study of female migrants is still relatively weak.From the genealogical data of Fujian,Guangdong,and Taiwan,the author finds that not only did a large number of female migrants from Fujian and Guangdong migrate to Taiwan with their male counterparts and become Tangshan-Mother during the various historical periods after Taiwan's unification in the Qing dynasty,but also many women in Fujian and Guangdong who led their descendants to emigrate to Taiwan alone multiplied into clans and became the founding mothers of Taiwan.Some became heads of female reclamations.They paid more hardships and were more daring than male migrants,presenting a characteristic of perseverance and reflecting the distinctive features of Minnan and Hakka cultures.From another point of view,it fully proves that the extreme statement“There is Tangshan-Father,but not Tangshan-Mother”which is popular in Taiwan,is wrong.