比勒菲尔德学派和德国社会史研究

The Bielefeld School and Studies of German Social History

德国史学在世界历史学领域占有重要的一席之地,也因此固守传统很难有所改变。20世纪50年代,走出战争阴影的德国百废待兴,历史学研究也有了新的起点。德国近代史学家们逐步接受法国年鉴学派提出的结构史学的研究方法,为德国传统史学引入了新的元素。20世纪60年代末,以创新改革为宗旨创建的比勒菲尔德大学为历史学的创新打造了一个平台,以韦勒和科卡为首的近代史历史学家们在创建历史学系的过程中注重以结构史学的方法论解析社会演进,跨学科地分析政治、经济、社会和文化各因素的相互作用和影响对社会历史进程的推进,以研究“整体的历史”为宗旨,形成了以德国社会史为主要研究领域的比勒菲尔德学派。

German historiography occupies an important place in the field of world history,so it sticks to tradition and is difficult to change.In the 1950s,Germany,which had emerged from the shadow of war,was waiting to be rebuilt,and studies of history also had a new starting point.New factors were introduced to German traditional historiography,and historiane of modern German history gradually acoepted historical etructures as a research methodology proposed by the French Annales school.In the late 1960s,Bielefeld University,founded with the purpose of innovation and reform,created a platform for the innovation of historical studies.In establishing the Department of History,modern historians headed by Hans-Ulrich Wehler and Jirgen Kocka adopted structural history(Strukturgeschichte)as the methodology to analyze the evolution of society.The Bielefeld School aims to study"total history"(histoire totale)with an interdisciplinary analysis of the interactions and to combine influences of political,economic,social,and cultural factors on the advancement of the social history.