对华技术性贸易壁垒与国家经济安全

China-Targeted Technical Barriers to Trade and National Economic Security

技术性贸易壁垒是各国变相实施贸易保护主义的新形式。对华技术性贸易壁垒具有覆盖产品种类广泛、欧美主导和彼此效仿的特征,并呈现出聚焦能源和环境议题、向价值链上游环节延伸的趋势。壁垒形成受经济、政治、技术、外交因素驱动,是国家利益在特定市场发生竞争性冲突的结果。对华技术性贸易壁垒通过直接影响中国微观主体参与国际贸易的经济行为,引发国内行业维度、地区维度的结构性调整,并通过产品市场与劳动力市场的均衡作用、国外市场与国内市场的内外联动等途径影响国民经济运行的稳定状态,从而深刻影响国家经济安全。中国应当在管理制度改革、信息传递、基础研究、技术标准国际化建设等方面采取具有针对性的优化措施以妥善应对现存问题。

Discriminative technical barriers to trade have become the new form of disguised tradeprotectionism.The results of this paper show that technical barriers to trade against China cover abroad product category,dominated and imitated by the European countries and the United States,and present a trend of focusing on energy or environment-related topics,as well as a trend ofextending to the upstream of the value chain.They have been driven by economic,political,technological and diplomatic factors,and rooted in the competitive conflicts of national interestsin specific markets.They also directly affect the economic behavior of Chinese firms ininternational trade,leading to structural adjustments at domestic industrial or regional level.Moreover,through the equilibrium of product and labor markets,and the internal and externalinteractions of overseas and domestic markets,they affect the stable state of the national economy,therefore affecting the national economic security.To cope with the existing problems properlyand in a timely manner,China needs to take targeted and optimized measures in reform ofregulation system,information transmission,fundamental research and technical standardsinternationalization.