世界银行对越南高等教育援助探析——以“第一阶段高等教育项目”和“第二阶段高等教育项目”为例

An Analysis of World Bank’s Higher Education Aid for Vietnam—— Take the First Higher Education Projects and the Second Higher Education Project as Examples

世界银行以其金融力量和知识力量,基于人力资本理论和“知识银行”角色转变需要对外提供高等教育援助。时逢越南因自身发展诉求寻觅外援,世界银行对越南高等教育开展援助,其中“第一阶段高等教育项目”和“第二阶段高等教育项目”成效最突出,主要通过构建全新信贷管理体系以提高援助效率、针对性资助加强教育公平、办学资金来源多样化助推教育拨款合理化三个方面的努力,帮助越南初步建成高等教育管理体系与竞争性融资机制、提高高等教育入学率并丰富办学形式、实现高校教学质量大幅提升。援助策略的独到之处在于:树立权威形象,增加政策制定话语权;引入竞争性融资机制,促使高等教育管理体系改革;联合本土学者发声,扩大政策的公众影响力。

With its financial and knowledge strength, the World Bank needs to provide foreign higher education assistance based on the theory of human capital and the transformation of the role of knowledge bank.When Vietnam seeks foreign aid for its development demands, the World Bank assists with Vietnam’s higher education. Among them, the First Higher Education Project and the Second Higher Education Project have achieved the most outstanding results, mainly through the construction of a new credit management system to improve aid efficiency, target funding, and strengthen educational equity. The diversification of funding sources for running schools has boosted the efforts in three aspects: rationalizing education funding, helping Vietnam initially build a higher education management system and competitive financing mechanism, improve the enrollment rate of higher education, enrich the forms of running schools, and greatly improve the teaching quality of colleges and universities.The uniqueness of aid strategy lies in: establishing an authoritative image and increasing the voice of policymaking;introducing a competitive financing mechanisms to promote the reform of the higher education management system;and uniting with local scholars to voice and expand the public influence of policies.