世界粮食供需、价格问题及安全评价分析

Analysis on World Food Supply and Demand,Price Issues and Security Evaluation

为了解世界粮食现状及存在的问题,采用类比、纵向分析等方法,从粮食供需、价格等多角度对世界粮食问题进行了分析和安全评价。研究发现:世界粮食供需和贸易水平保持平稳增长,实现了供给和库存安全,中国、美国、印度、巴西、俄罗斯等国家贡献巨大;区域分布不均,欧美国家实现了粮食安全自给,非洲、亚洲地区面临着严峻的粮食危机;粮食的用途以饲料和饮食为主,大米、大豆的价格高于小麦、玉米的价格。因此,建议世界性、区域性组织完善粮食生产、贸易方面的法案,确保世界粮食安全和供给;非洲、亚洲地区的发展中国家不仅要建立与欧美发达国家粮食生产贸易等领域的联系,还要加强内部合作与交流,实现深层次的“南南合作”。

To understand the current situation of the world food system and its existing problems,Using analogies and longitudinal analysis,this paper analyzes and the world food problem and makes a safety evaluation from multiple perspectives.It is found that the world food supply and demand and trade levels have maintained a steady growth,and the security of supply and inventory has been realized around the world,among which China,the United States,India,Brazil,Russia and other countries have made great contributions;but there exits the uneven distribution in different regions,among which the European and American countries have achieved self-sufficiency in food security while Africa and Asia are facing a severe food crisis;the grain is mainly used as feed for the domesticate animals,and food and drink for humans,and yet the prices of rice and soybeans are higher than those of wheat and corn.It is therefore suggested that that the global and regional organizations improve the laws on food production and trade to ensure the world food security and food supply.Developing countries in Africa and Asia should not only establish relations with the developed countries in Europe and America in grain production and food trade,but also strengthen internal cooperation and exchanges to achieve much deeper“South-South cooperation”.