三维激光点云支持下的变电站立柱倾斜变形监测

Monitoring of Tilt Deformation of Substation Column Supported by 3D Laser Point Cloud

水利工程中常用立柱支撑上部结构,为保证上部结构稳定,需监测立柱变形,确保立柱倾斜角度在允许范围内。通过全站扫描仪的波形数字化测距技术进行非接触式测量,采集高精度点云数据,采集过程中通过后方交会法计算各观测站的三维坐标,将观测数据统一到一个坐标系统中,无需数据配准,避免了观测误差的传递。提出利用点云的立柱倾斜形变算法,采集两期点云数据后基于真配对点计算形变量,并通过点面优化算法减少误差,计算得到立柱的倾斜角度。为验证形变算法的精度,设计了仿真试验模拟立柱倾斜变形。试验结果发现,实际倾斜角为0°16′49″,计算倾斜角为0°16′57″,算法误差小于20″,满足高耸结构的变形监测要求。所提形变算法可应用于立柱倾斜变形监测领域。

Columns are commonly used in water conservancy project to support the upper structure. In order to ensure the stability of the upper structure, it is necessary to monitor the deformation of the column to ensure that the inclination angle of the column is within the allowable range. The non-contact measurement and high-precision point cloud data acquisition was carried out by the total station scanner used waveform digital ranging technology. During the acquisition process, the three-dimensional coordinates of each observation station were calculated by the rear intersection method, and the observation data was unified into a coordinate system. Data registration avoided the transmission of observation errors. This paper proposed a method for calculating the tilt deformation of the column using the point cloud. After collecting the two phases of the point cloud data, the deformation was calculated based on the true pair of points, and the point and surface optimization algorithm was used to reduce the error, and the tilt angle of the column was calculated. Finally, a simulation test of the tilted deformation of the column was designed to verify the accuracy of the deformation calculation method. The test results show that the actual inclination angle is 0°16’49 ", the calculated inclination angle is 0°16’57", the algorithm error is less than 20’’, which meets the requirement of deformation monitoring in high-rise structure. Therefore, the deformation calculation method can be applied to the field of column tilt deformation monitoring.