存在与生成:海德格尔和尼采克服异化路径之异同

Being and Generation: The Similarities and Differences Between Heidegger and Nietzsche in Overcoming Human Alienation

海德格尔和尼采之间的思想关系紧张而微妙,但他们的现实关切高度一致,都要直面资本和技术双重加持下人的异化和世界意义的碎片化这种现代性困境。海德格尔试图通过调整此在与存在之真理的各种可能关系,将此在从异己的操劳消散中拯救出来,但囿于在场形而上学的框架,这些尝试终显乏力。尼采则彻底消解了真理、此在、在者乃至时空这些残留的“场”,将其间的“辩证关系”融炼为生命的同构性发生事件。基于强力意志的永恒回返,尼采突显生命自然流动的确定性和连续性,使生命主体挣脱人所构建的“太人性的”意义之网对自身的束缚和异化。从“接地气”的共同关切切入,最终上升到“存在与生成”根本问题的高度,二者思想之异同清晰自现。

The ideological relationship between Heidegger and Nietzsche is complex, but their realistic concerns are highly consistent. They have to face the dilemma of human alienation and fragmentation of significance under the dual blessing of capital and technology. Heidegger tried to save Dasein from the Sorgen by adjusting various possible relationships between Dasein and the truth of Being. Limited by the framework of presence metaphysics, his attempts showed weakness. Nietzsche thoroughly dispelled the residual “fields” of truth, Dasein, beings and even time and space, and melted the “dialectical relations” between them into the isomorphic events of life. The eternal return of the will to power highlights the certainty and continuity of the natural flow of life, making the life subject free from the bondage and alienation of the “too human” meaning network constructed by human beings. From the common concern to the height of the fundamental problem of “being and generation, ” the similarities and differences between Heidegger and Nietzsche become clear.